台湾海峡台风风暴潮数值分析
发布时间：2019-03-16 13:20
【摘要】：本文基于FVCOM海洋模式，利用Willoughby等提供的风场模型构造的台风风场作为大气强迫，首先模拟了两个经过台湾海峡的典型台风：2010年“凡亚比”和2007年“圣帕”引起的风暴潮过程并利用实测数据对模拟结果进行了对比验证，分析了水位、流场等要素对台风的响应。结果显示：模拟的风暴潮水位与实测水位吻合较好，误差较小，，也从侧面验证了近岸水位变化主要受局地风场的影响；台风凡亚比造成台湾海峡大部分区域出现显著增水，大陆沿岸作为迎风区，增水最为明显，增水最大值达到2m以上，台风圣帕造成的增水区域集中在大陆沿岸的北部，增水最大值达到3m以上，而大陆沿岸南部由于处于背风区，出现较大的水位下降，风暴潮增水主要受到风场和地形的影响；表层风生流场与Ekman风生漂流特征一致；台风凡亚比期间，大陆沿岸风暴潮的先兆波振幅在20-30cm，余振阶段并不明显，而台风圣帕期间，先兆波动并不明显，余振阶段持续时间较长；台风凡亚比造成的表层平均流方向在近岸平行于岸线，流速加强，海峡中间形成非闭合逆时针流动，流向与跨越海峡过程中台风最强时的风场方向一致，而台风圣帕造成的表层平均流在台湾海峡中部偏北位置形成一个首尾相接的环形流动，流速从环形中心向外逐渐增大，与台风圣帕登陆前风场的结构特点相似，风生表层平均流的分布主要与局地台风风速大小和风场作用时间有关。 为了研究不同特征的台风在台湾海峡引起风暴潮的差异，本文针对台风的三个主要要素：最大风速半径、最大风速、台风移动速度，设置了11组敏感性试验进行研究，并对试验结果进行了分析，结果显示：随着台风移动速度的减小，台风登陆过程中，位于迎风区的站点，向岸风作用时间增长，增水极值变大，而位于背风区的站点，离岸风作用时间增长，增水极值减小；随着台风最大风速半径的增大，台风的影响范围扩大，站点风暴潮水位振幅增加，但增加的幅度较小，在台风登陆前后，位于台风最大风速半径以内的站点，风暴潮增水极值随着台风最大风速半径的增大而减小，位于台风最大风速半径以外的站点，风暴潮增水极值随着台风最大风速半径的增大而增大，而位于台风最大风速半径附近的站点，风暴潮增水极值随着台风最大风速半径的增大变化较为复杂，当站点位置处于台风最大风速半径处时，局地风速最大，增水极值达到最大；随着台风最大风速的增大，台风强度增加，站点风暴潮水位振幅明显增大，同时，站点增水极值也随之增大，但不同站点增水极值随台风最大风速增大而增大的情况有所差异，位于台风中心东北侧的站点处在台风风场强度较大的区域，且在台风登陆前后位于迎风区，增水极值随着最大风速增加的趋势不断增加，而位于台风中心西南侧的站点处在台风风场强度较小的区域，且在台风登陆前后位于背风区，增水极值随着最大风速增加的趋势有所减小。
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the FVCOM ocean model, a typhoon wind field constructed by the wind field model, such as Willoghby et al., is used as the atmospheric force, In this paper, two typical typhoons passing through the Taiwan Strait have been simulated: the process of storm surge and the simulation results are compared and verified with the measured data, and the response of the factors such as water level and flow field to the typhoon is analyzed. The results show that the simulated storm surge level is in good agreement with the measured water level, the error is small, and the influence of the near-shore water level change from the side is also verified by the local wind field. the water-increasing area is the most obvious, the maximum water-increasing maximum reaches more than 2m, the water-increasing area caused by the typhoon Sipa is concentrated on the northern part of the continental coast, the maximum water-increasing maximum reaches more than 3 m, and the south of the continental coast is in the back-wind area, and a large water level is reduced, The storm surge-increasing water is mainly affected by the wind field and the terrain. The wind-flow field of the surface layer is consistent with the Ekman wind-induced drift. The amplitude of the premonitory wave of the storm surge in the continental coast is 20-30cm, and the residual vibration stage is not obvious during the period of the typhoon, and the premonitory fluctuation is not obvious during the period of the typhoon. the duration of the residual vibration phase is long, the average flow direction of the surface layer caused by the typhoon and the sub-ratio is parallel to the shore line in the nearshore, the flow rate is enhanced, the non-closed anti-clockwise flow is formed in the middle of the channel, and the flow direction is consistent with the direction of the wind field when the typhoon is the strongest in the process of crossing the channel, And the average flow of the surface layer caused by the typhoon Sipa forms an end-to-end annular flow in the central part of the Taiwan Strait, and the flow rate gradually increases from the annular center to the outside, and is similar to that of the wind field before the landing of the typhoon Sipa. The average flow distribution of the wind-generating surface is mainly related to the wind speed of the local typhoon and the time of the wind field. In order to study the difference of the storm surge caused by the typhoon in the Taiwan Strait, the three main elements of the typhoon are: the maximum wind speed radius, the maximum wind speed, the velocity of the typhoon movement, the set 11 sets of sensitivity tests, and the test results are divided The results show that with the decrease of the moving speed of the typhoon, the landing process of the typhoon is located at the site of the windward area, the time of the shore wind is increased, the extreme value of the increasing water is increased, and the site in the back wind area, the time of the offshore wind is increased, and the water-increasing extreme value is reduced. Small; with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, the influence range of the typhoon is expanded, the water level of the storm surge of the station is increased, but the amplitude of the increase is small, and the station is located within the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon before and after the typhoon landing. The maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon decreases with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, and the extreme value of the surge increase of the storm surge is increased with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, and the station located near the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon The maximum wind speed of the typhoon is the most complex when the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon is at the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, the maximum wind speed is the maximum, and the maximum value of the water-increasing extreme value is the maximum; with the increase of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, the intensity of the typhoon is increased In addition, the amplitude of the water level of the storm surge in the site is obviously increased, and at the same time, the water-increasing extreme value of the site increases with the increase of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, and the site located at the northeast side of the typhoon center is located in the area where the intensity of the typhoon wind field is greater The area is located in the windward area before and after the typhoon landing, and the trend of increasing the water-increasing extreme value with the maximum wind speed is increasing, while the site located at the southwest side of the typhoon center is located in the area where the intensity of the typhoon wind field is small, and is located on the back wind before and after the typhoon landing. The trend of increasing the maximum wind speed decreases with the increase of the maximum wind speed.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.23
本文编号：2441442
[Abstract]:In this paper, based on the FVCOM ocean model, a typhoon wind field constructed by the wind field model, such as Willoghby et al., is used as the atmospheric force, In this paper, two typical typhoons passing through the Taiwan Strait have been simulated: the process of storm surge and the simulation results are compared and verified with the measured data, and the response of the factors such as water level and flow field to the typhoon is analyzed. The results show that the simulated storm surge level is in good agreement with the measured water level, the error is small, and the influence of the near-shore water level change from the side is also verified by the local wind field. the water-increasing area is the most obvious, the maximum water-increasing maximum reaches more than 2m, the water-increasing area caused by the typhoon Sipa is concentrated on the northern part of the continental coast, the maximum water-increasing maximum reaches more than 3 m, and the south of the continental coast is in the back-wind area, and a large water level is reduced, The storm surge-increasing water is mainly affected by the wind field and the terrain. The wind-flow field of the surface layer is consistent with the Ekman wind-induced drift. The amplitude of the premonitory wave of the storm surge in the continental coast is 20-30cm, and the residual vibration stage is not obvious during the period of the typhoon, and the premonitory fluctuation is not obvious during the period of the typhoon. the duration of the residual vibration phase is long, the average flow direction of the surface layer caused by the typhoon and the sub-ratio is parallel to the shore line in the nearshore, the flow rate is enhanced, the non-closed anti-clockwise flow is formed in the middle of the channel, and the flow direction is consistent with the direction of the wind field when the typhoon is the strongest in the process of crossing the channel, And the average flow of the surface layer caused by the typhoon Sipa forms an end-to-end annular flow in the central part of the Taiwan Strait, and the flow rate gradually increases from the annular center to the outside, and is similar to that of the wind field before the landing of the typhoon Sipa. The average flow distribution of the wind-generating surface is mainly related to the wind speed of the local typhoon and the time of the wind field. In order to study the difference of the storm surge caused by the typhoon in the Taiwan Strait, the three main elements of the typhoon are: the maximum wind speed radius, the maximum wind speed, the velocity of the typhoon movement, the set 11 sets of sensitivity tests, and the test results are divided The results show that with the decrease of the moving speed of the typhoon, the landing process of the typhoon is located at the site of the windward area, the time of the shore wind is increased, the extreme value of the increasing water is increased, and the site in the back wind area, the time of the offshore wind is increased, and the water-increasing extreme value is reduced. Small; with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, the influence range of the typhoon is expanded, the water level of the storm surge of the station is increased, but the amplitude of the increase is small, and the station is located within the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon before and after the typhoon landing. The maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon decreases with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, and the extreme value of the surge increase of the storm surge is increased with the increase of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, and the station located near the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon The maximum wind speed of the typhoon is the most complex when the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon is at the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon, the maximum wind speed is the maximum, and the maximum value of the water-increasing extreme value is the maximum; with the increase of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, the intensity of the typhoon is increased In addition, the amplitude of the water level of the storm surge in the site is obviously increased, and at the same time, the water-increasing extreme value of the site increases with the increase of the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, and the site located at the northeast side of the typhoon center is located in the area where the intensity of the typhoon wind field is greater The area is located in the windward area before and after the typhoon landing, and the trend of increasing the water-increasing extreme value with the maximum wind speed is increasing, while the site located at the southwest side of the typhoon center is located in the area where the intensity of the typhoon wind field is small, and is located on the back wind before and after the typhoon landing. The trend of increasing the maximum wind speed decreases with the increase of the maximum wind speed.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P731.23
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