20世纪40年代初以来中国大陆海岸线变化特征

发布时间：2019-05-06 20:07

【摘要】：基于多时相地图资料、遥感影像以及覆盖整个大陆海岸带的野外考察,建立20世纪40年代初以来6个时相的中国大陆海岸线数据,并从岸线结构、岸线分形、岸线变化速率、陆海格局和海湾面积等角度分析过去70年来中国大陆海岸线的变化特征.结论如下:大陆海岸线结构变化显著,岸线人工化是最主要的特征,目前自然岸线的保有比例已经不足1/3;大陆海岸线分维数具有"北方整体南方"的宏观格局特征,但近年来北方海岸带急剧的岸线人工化过程通过大大缩小岸线分维数的南北差异而显著改变了中国大陆海岸线的分形特征;大陆沿海的陆海格局与过程特征复杂,超过68%的海岸总体向海扩张,超过22%的海岸总体向陆后退,而净变化结果是陆地面积增加了近1.42万km~2,平均增速为202.82km~2 a~(-1);大陆沿海93个主要海湾的面积萎缩量共约1.01万km~2,整体平均的萎缩率、萎缩速率分别高达18.19%、144.20km~2 a~(-1);渤海海域总面积减少了7.06%,年均减少82km~2.大陆海岸线的剧烈变化导致和加剧了海岸带和近海区域的多种问题,加强对大陆海岸线资源的保护、管理与可持续利用刻不容缓.
[Abstract]:Based on multi-temporal map data, remote sensing images and field survey covering the entire continental coastal zone, the data of the Chinese mainland coastline in six phases since the early 1940s were established, and the coastline structure, the coastline fractal and the coastline change rate were established from the shoreline structure, the coastline fractal and the shoreline change rate. Land-sea pattern and gulf area are used to analyze the characteristics of coastline variation in mainland China in the past 70 years. The conclusions are as follows: the structure of the continental coastline has changed significantly, and the artificial shoreline is the most important feature. At present, the proportion of the natural shoreline is less than 1 / 3; The fractal dimension of the continental coastline is characterized by the macroscopic pattern of "the whole north and the south". However, in recent years, the rapid process of shoreline artificial transformation in the northern coastal zone has significantly changed the fractal characteristics of the coastline in mainland China by greatly reducing the difference of the fractal dimension between the north and the south of the coastline. The land-sea pattern and process characteristics of the continental coastal areas are complex, with more than 68% of the coasts generally expanding to the sea and over 22% of the coasts generally retreating to the land, while the net change results in an increase of nearly 14200 km~2, in the land area. The average growth rate was 202.82km~2 a ~ (- 1); The total area shrinkage of the 93 main gulfs along the continental coast is about 10100 km~2, with an average shrinkage rate of 18.19% and 144.20 km / 2a ~ (- 1), respectively, and the total area of the Bohai Sea area has decreased by 7.06%, with an average annual decrease of 82 km 路m ~ (- 2). The drastic change of continental coastline leads to and aggravates many problems in coastal zone and offshore area, and it is urgent to strengthen the protection, management and sustainable utilization of continental coastline resources.
【作者单位】：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(编号:XDA05130703);中国科学院重点部署项目(编号:KZZD-EW-14)资助国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(批准号:NSFC-BF/IGFA 31461143032)
【分类号】：P737.1

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