广西北部湾海洋油污染影响与应急管理研究
发布时间：2019-05-27 00:38
【摘要】：2008年，因中海油涠洲油田废弃管线残存油外溢造成广西涠洲岛海域漂油污染，2009年、2011年台风影响期间广西海域又出现漂油；2009年以来，广西海域出现多起船舶溢油事故，且多年监测数据表明，广西主要江河污染物入海量中石油类含量缓慢上升。 海上石油类污染危害海洋渔业生产，甚至导致部分海域完全丧失渔业生产能力；影响沿海群众的正常生活，且污染滨海各类景点、导致海上旅游活动无法开展；油污的清理、突发事故的处置工作耗费大量的人力、物力、财力等社会资源。蓬莱19-3油田溢油事故后，国家海洋局加大对海洋石油污染的监管工作，广西海洋局为加强海洋石油类污染应急管理开展了专题调研。广西北部湾海域从地理位置上与越南接壤，沿海滩涂的红树林面积占全国的40%左右，涠洲岛周围浅海有珍稀珊瑚礁分布，海上石油类污染事故的发生，极可能对北部湾沿海自然环境、民众生活乃至国际关系都造成巨大影响。 随着北部湾经济区开放开发的兴起，广西沿海区域社会经济的逐步增长，北部湾海洋石油开采、海洋交通运输产业发展迅速，如何在高速发展中防范海洋油污染事故的发生，如何在海洋环境保护中引入风险防范机制，是广西海洋环境保护的重要课题。 本文以广西北部湾经济区社会经济发展情况为基础，，针对海域油污染潜在风险源进行梳理归纳，分析油污染对广西海洋环境和社会经济及国际关系的影响，探讨海洋油污染的日常防范与应急管理对策措施。通过搜集调查广西沿海社会、海洋经济发展情况，广西海洋环境基础数据，广西油气资源储量与开发状况，广西港口航道建设和石油运输规模等，整理历年广西海洋石油污染事故的经验教训，分析广西海洋石油类污染潜在风险源，预估事故造成的自然、社会影响，从日常管理和应急处置两方面为海洋环境保护管理部门提出有针对性的污染的预防措施与应急处置建议，填补广西海洋环境应急管理工作在石油类污染事故方面的空白。 加强广西海洋石油类污染的防范与应急管理工作，减少甚至避免广西海洋石油类污染事故的发生，既可以保护广西北部湾优良的海洋环境，又减少社会经济损失，避免国际矛盾，是广西海洋环境保护工作关注的重点之一。
[Abstract]:In 2008, due to the residual oil spill of abandoned pipeline in Weizhou Oilfield of CNOOC, drifting oil pollution occurred in Weizhou Island, Guangxi, and drifting oil appeared in Guangxi during the typhoon in 2009 and 2011. Since 2009, there have been a number of ship oil spills in Guangxi, and the monitoring data for many years show that the oil content in the main river pollutants in Guangxi has increased slowly. Offshore oil pollution endangers marine fishery production, and even leads to the complete loss of fishery production capacity in some sea areas, which affects the normal life of coastal people and pollutes all kinds of coastal scenic spots, resulting in the inability to carry out offshore tourism activities. The cleaning of oil pollution and the disposal of sudden accidents consume a lot of human, material, financial and other social resources. After the oil spill accident in Penglai 19 oil field, the State Oceanic Administration increased the supervision and control of offshore oil pollution, and Guangxi Oceanic Bureau conducted a special investigation to strengthen the emergency management of offshore oil pollution. The Beibu Gulf of Guangxi borders Vietnam geographically. The area of mangroves along the coastal beaches accounts for about 40% of the country. There are rare coral reefs in the shallow waters around Weizhou Island, and the occurrence of offshore oil pollution accidents. It is likely to have a great impact on the coastal natural environment, people's life and even international relations in Beibu Gulf. With the rise of the open development of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, the gradual growth of social economy in Guangxi coastal areas, the rapid development of offshore oil exploitation in Beibu Gulf and the rapid development of marine transportation industry, how to prevent the occurrence of marine oil pollution accidents in the course of rapid development. How to introduce risk prevention mechanism into marine environmental protection is an important topic of marine environmental protection in Guangxi. Based on the social and economic development of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, this paper combs and sums up the potential risk sources of oil pollution in the sea area, and analyzes the influence of oil pollution on the marine environment, social economy and international relations in Guangxi. This paper probes into the daily prevention and emergency management countermeasures of marine oil pollution. By collecting and investigating the coastal society of Guangxi, the development of marine economy, the basic data of marine environment of Guangxi, the reserves and development of oil and gas resources in Guangxi, the construction of port and waterway in Guangxi and the scale of oil transportation, etc. Sorting out the experience and lessons of offshore oil pollution accidents in Guangxi over the years, analyzing the potential risk sources of offshore oil pollution in Guangxi, and predicting the natural and social impact of the accidents. This paper puts forward some preventive measures and emergency disposal suggestions for marine environmental protection management departments from two aspects of daily management and emergency disposal, so as to fill in the blank of oil pollution accidents in the emergency management of marine environment in Guangxi. Strengthening the prevention and emergency management of offshore oil pollution in Guangxi and reducing or even avoiding the occurrence of offshore oil pollution accidents in Guangxi can not only protect the excellent marine environment in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi, but also reduce social and economic losses. Avoiding international contradictions is one of the key points of marine environmental protection in Guangxi.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55
本文编号：2485765
[Abstract]:In 2008, due to the residual oil spill of abandoned pipeline in Weizhou Oilfield of CNOOC, drifting oil pollution occurred in Weizhou Island, Guangxi, and drifting oil appeared in Guangxi during the typhoon in 2009 and 2011. Since 2009, there have been a number of ship oil spills in Guangxi, and the monitoring data for many years show that the oil content in the main river pollutants in Guangxi has increased slowly. Offshore oil pollution endangers marine fishery production, and even leads to the complete loss of fishery production capacity in some sea areas, which affects the normal life of coastal people and pollutes all kinds of coastal scenic spots, resulting in the inability to carry out offshore tourism activities. The cleaning of oil pollution and the disposal of sudden accidents consume a lot of human, material, financial and other social resources. After the oil spill accident in Penglai 19 oil field, the State Oceanic Administration increased the supervision and control of offshore oil pollution, and Guangxi Oceanic Bureau conducted a special investigation to strengthen the emergency management of offshore oil pollution. The Beibu Gulf of Guangxi borders Vietnam geographically. The area of mangroves along the coastal beaches accounts for about 40% of the country. There are rare coral reefs in the shallow waters around Weizhou Island, and the occurrence of offshore oil pollution accidents. It is likely to have a great impact on the coastal natural environment, people's life and even international relations in Beibu Gulf. With the rise of the open development of Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, the gradual growth of social economy in Guangxi coastal areas, the rapid development of offshore oil exploitation in Beibu Gulf and the rapid development of marine transportation industry, how to prevent the occurrence of marine oil pollution accidents in the course of rapid development. How to introduce risk prevention mechanism into marine environmental protection is an important topic of marine environmental protection in Guangxi. Based on the social and economic development of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, this paper combs and sums up the potential risk sources of oil pollution in the sea area, and analyzes the influence of oil pollution on the marine environment, social economy and international relations in Guangxi. This paper probes into the daily prevention and emergency management countermeasures of marine oil pollution. By collecting and investigating the coastal society of Guangxi, the development of marine economy, the basic data of marine environment of Guangxi, the reserves and development of oil and gas resources in Guangxi, the construction of port and waterway in Guangxi and the scale of oil transportation, etc. Sorting out the experience and lessons of offshore oil pollution accidents in Guangxi over the years, analyzing the potential risk sources of offshore oil pollution in Guangxi, and predicting the natural and social impact of the accidents. This paper puts forward some preventive measures and emergency disposal suggestions for marine environmental protection management departments from two aspects of daily management and emergency disposal, so as to fill in the blank of oil pollution accidents in the emergency management of marine environment in Guangxi. Strengthening the prevention and emergency management of offshore oil pollution in Guangxi and reducing or even avoiding the occurrence of offshore oil pollution accidents in Guangxi can not only protect the excellent marine environment in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi, but also reduce social and economic losses. Avoiding international contradictions is one of the key points of marine environmental protection in Guangxi.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X55
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 Мониин,А.Вонтов,刘爱菊,李若钝;石油污染对海洋生态系统的影响[J];海岸工程;1995年04期
2 浦宝康;2001年国际溢油会议论文简介[J];交通环保;2002年04期
本文编号：2485765
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