江苏中部沿海潮沟系统遥感监测方法研究
发布时间：2019-06-18 20:40
【摘要】：潮沟系统作为潮滩上最活跃的地貌单元,是潮滩与水下岸坡区物质与能量交换的通道,在潮流、波浪、风暴潮、人类活动等因素的综合作用下,潮沟系统敏感、多变,对邻近海堤、港口等沿海工程构成极大威胁。江苏中部沿海是我国潮沟系统最为发育的区域,在区域沉积动力环境快速变化、人类活动影响加剧等背景下,亟需掌握潮沟系统地貌演化过程与规律,为沿海经济社会平稳、持续发展提供决策支持。针对潮沟系统因海岸带复杂地理环境与自组织网络结构而导致的提取难、表征难、分析难等关键问题,本文完成了如下研究：(1)结合目标潮沟系统在高程属性中作为连续负地形的几何属性,研究提出了针对机载LiDAR DEM数据的顾及剖面形态特征的全自动潮沟提取算法(APMECF)。算法流程包含：基于多窗口邻域分析的局部潮滩高程趋势面均衡、基于多方向多尺度高斯匹配滤波的潮沟增强、基于两轮自适应阈值分割潮沟提取、多轮潮沟提取结果融合策略。该算法攻克了在海岸带高程低对比度环境下提取目标潮沟系统的难题,通过两套不同空间分辨率LiDARDEM数据的测试,展示了APMECF算法在处理潮沟系统细小尺度、保持潮沟系统拓扑网络完整性等方面具有较好的优势。通过针对类潮沟系统的拓展延伸性实验(如陆地沟壑提取实验、干旱区河流提取实验等),验证了APMECF算法在信息载体背景相对单一环境下对于类潮沟系统目标地物提取应用的可移植性。(2)国产资源三号高分辨率遥感影像数据固有的高频访问周期、光谱信息丰富、观测成本低廉等特点,使其相较于机载LiDAR数据而言,在海岸带长期遥感动态监测应用中更具优势。但是,多光谱影像中由光谱维度的间接信息载体记录的海岸带复杂地理相带对潮沟系统提取的背景干扰是遥感动态监测应用的重大挑战。为了解决上述难题,研究从目标潮沟系统的几何特征信息入手,提出了顾及局部微分几何结构的多尺度潮沟系统提取算法(MLDSI)。算法流程包含：复杂异质潮滩背景均一化、多尺度潮沟系统增强、谱问二元抑制规则、融合区域特征空间粘滞性的水平集演化模型。该算法能够在复杂异质性环境中针对形态多变的潮沟系统构建具备一致性度量的描述子LFI,从而实现潮沟系统的有效提取应用。通过针对近岸潮滩(90km2)与离岸沙洲(520 km2)等多个研究区的综合实验,验证了MLDSI算法与传统经典分类／分割提取算法在处理复杂异质背景下线状地物提取的优越性。(3)研究在完成上述潮沟系统提取的基础上构建了能够定量统计与分析潮沟系统静态几何形态参数和动态演化过程水动力特征参数的方法,即定量表征潮沟系统各向异性及待渠化密度两种维度的特征信息。总体而言,潮沟系统各向异性具有由海洋至内陆不断递增的趋势。通过比对相邻潮盆区域,以及同一潮盆内部的子潮沟区域,其待渠化平均径流长度具有高度动态变异的特点,同时表现出明显的无标度分布特征。各个潮盆区域具有唯一标识的水动力特征参数待渠化径流长度,其能够用来作为潮沟系统网络分叉率和蜿蜒度的定量测度,对潮沟系统静态特征表述提供了新的分析维度与技术支撑。
[Abstract]:The tidal channel system, as the most active physiognomy unit on the tidal flat, is a channel of material and energy exchange between the tidal flat and the underwater shore slope area. Under the comprehensive action of the factors such as tidal current, wave, storm surge and human activity, the tidal channel system is sensitive and changeable, Coastal engineering, such as the port, poses a great threat. The coastal area of the central part of Jiangsu is the most developing area of the tidal channel system in our country. In the background of the rapid change of regional sedimentary dynamic environment and the intensification of the influence of human activity, it is urgent to master the evolution and law of the geomorphic evolution and the law of the tidal channel system, and provide the decision support for the stable and sustainable development of the coastal economy. In order to solve the key problems such as difficulty, difficulty and difficulty in the extraction from the complex geographical environment of the coastal zone and the self-organized network structure, this paper has completed the following research: (1) as the geometric property of the continuous negative topography in the elevation property of the target tidal channel system, A full-automatic channel extraction algorithm (APMECF), which takes into account the profile characteristics of airborne LiDAR DEM data, is presented in this paper. The algorithm flow comprises the following steps of: based on a multi-window neighborhood analysis local tide beach elevation trend surface equalization, a multi-directional multi-scale Gaussian matched filtering tidal channel enhancement, and a multi-wheel tidal channel extraction result fusion strategy based on two-wheel adaptive threshold segmentation. The method solves the problem that the target tidal channel system is extracted under the low contrast environment of the elevation of the coastal zone, and the small scale of the APMECF algorithm is shown in the processing of the tidal channel system by the two sets of test of the LiDARDEM data with different spatial resolutions, And has good advantages in maintaining the integrity of the topological network of the tidal channel system and the like. In this paper, the portability of the APMECF algorithm for the extraction and application of the target features of the class-tidal channel system under the relatively single environment is verified by extending the extension experiment (such as the land groove extraction experiment, the river extraction experiment in the arid area, etc.) for the class-tidal channel system. (2) The high-frequency access period, the rich spectrum information and the low observation cost of the high-resolution remote sensing image data of the domestic resource 3 make the high-resolution remote sensing image data more advantageous in the long-term remote sensing application of the coastal zone compared with the on-board LiDAR data. However, the background interference of the complex geographical phase of the coastal zone, which is recorded by the indirect information carrier of the spectral dimension in the multi-spectral image, is a major challenge for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring application. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a multi-scale tidal channel system extraction algorithm (MLDSI), which takes into account the local differential geometry, is proposed based on the geometric feature information of the target tidal channel system. The algorithm process includes the following steps: the complex heterogeneous tidal flat background is uniform, the multi-scale tidal channel system is enhanced, the spectrum is asked by the binary suppression rule, and the horizontal set evolution model of the characteristic space viscosity of the fusion area is obtained. The algorithm can construct a description sub-LFI with a consistent measurement in a complex heterogeneous environment for the variable-form tidal channel system, thereby realizing the effective extraction and application of the tidal channel system. In this paper, the superiority of the MLDSI algorithm and the traditional classical classification/ segmentation extraction algorithm in the processing of the linear feature extraction under the complex heterogeneous background is verified by the comprehensive experiment of the near-shore tidal flat (90 km2) and the offshore sandbank (520km2). and (3) the method for quantitatively counting and analyzing the static geometric shape parameters and the dynamic evolution process water power characteristic parameters of the tidal channel system is constructed on the basis of completing the extraction of the tidal channel system, Namely, the characteristic information of the two dimensions of the anisotropy of the tidal channel system and the density to be channelized is quantitatively characterized. In general, that anisotropy of the tidal channel system has an increasing trend from the sea to the inland. The average runoff length to be channelized has the characteristics of high dynamic variation through comparison to the adjacent tidal basin area and the sub-tidal channel area inside the same tide basin, and meanwhile, the obvious scale-free distribution characteristic is displayed. Each tidal basin area has a uniquely identified water power characteristic parameter to be channelized runoff length, which can be used as a quantitative measure of the network bifurcation rate and the winding degree of the tidal channel system, and provides a new analysis dimension and technical support for the static characteristic expression of the tidal channel system.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P715.7;P737
[Abstract]:The tidal channel system, as the most active physiognomy unit on the tidal flat, is a channel of material and energy exchange between the tidal flat and the underwater shore slope area. Under the comprehensive action of the factors such as tidal current, wave, storm surge and human activity, the tidal channel system is sensitive and changeable, Coastal engineering, such as the port, poses a great threat. The coastal area of the central part of Jiangsu is the most developing area of the tidal channel system in our country. In the background of the rapid change of regional sedimentary dynamic environment and the intensification of the influence of human activity, it is urgent to master the evolution and law of the geomorphic evolution and the law of the tidal channel system, and provide the decision support for the stable and sustainable development of the coastal economy. In order to solve the key problems such as difficulty, difficulty and difficulty in the extraction from the complex geographical environment of the coastal zone and the self-organized network structure, this paper has completed the following research: (1) as the geometric property of the continuous negative topography in the elevation property of the target tidal channel system, A full-automatic channel extraction algorithm (APMECF), which takes into account the profile characteristics of airborne LiDAR DEM data, is presented in this paper. The algorithm flow comprises the following steps of: based on a multi-window neighborhood analysis local tide beach elevation trend surface equalization, a multi-directional multi-scale Gaussian matched filtering tidal channel enhancement, and a multi-wheel tidal channel extraction result fusion strategy based on two-wheel adaptive threshold segmentation. The method solves the problem that the target tidal channel system is extracted under the low contrast environment of the elevation of the coastal zone, and the small scale of the APMECF algorithm is shown in the processing of the tidal channel system by the two sets of test of the LiDARDEM data with different spatial resolutions, And has good advantages in maintaining the integrity of the topological network of the tidal channel system and the like. In this paper, the portability of the APMECF algorithm for the extraction and application of the target features of the class-tidal channel system under the relatively single environment is verified by extending the extension experiment (such as the land groove extraction experiment, the river extraction experiment in the arid area, etc.) for the class-tidal channel system. (2) The high-frequency access period, the rich spectrum information and the low observation cost of the high-resolution remote sensing image data of the domestic resource 3 make the high-resolution remote sensing image data more advantageous in the long-term remote sensing application of the coastal zone compared with the on-board LiDAR data. However, the background interference of the complex geographical phase of the coastal zone, which is recorded by the indirect information carrier of the spectral dimension in the multi-spectral image, is a major challenge for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring application. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a multi-scale tidal channel system extraction algorithm (MLDSI), which takes into account the local differential geometry, is proposed based on the geometric feature information of the target tidal channel system. The algorithm process includes the following steps: the complex heterogeneous tidal flat background is uniform, the multi-scale tidal channel system is enhanced, the spectrum is asked by the binary suppression rule, and the horizontal set evolution model of the characteristic space viscosity of the fusion area is obtained. The algorithm can construct a description sub-LFI with a consistent measurement in a complex heterogeneous environment for the variable-form tidal channel system, thereby realizing the effective extraction and application of the tidal channel system. In this paper, the superiority of the MLDSI algorithm and the traditional classical classification/ segmentation extraction algorithm in the processing of the linear feature extraction under the complex heterogeneous background is verified by the comprehensive experiment of the near-shore tidal flat (90 km2) and the offshore sandbank (520km2). and (3) the method for quantitatively counting and analyzing the static geometric shape parameters and the dynamic evolution process water power characteristic parameters of the tidal channel system is constructed on the basis of completing the extraction of the tidal channel system, Namely, the characteristic information of the two dimensions of the anisotropy of the tidal channel system and the density to be channelized is quantitatively characterized. In general, that anisotropy of the tidal channel system has an increasing trend from the sea to the inland. The average runoff length to be channelized has the characteristics of high dynamic variation through comparison to the adjacent tidal basin area and the sub-tidal channel area inside the same tide basin, and meanwhile, the obvious scale-free distribution characteristic is displayed. Each tidal basin area has a uniquely identified water power characteristic parameter to be channelized runoff length, which can be used as a quantitative measure of the network bifurcation rate and the winding degree of the tidal channel system, and provides a new analysis dimension and technical support for the static characteristic expression of the tidal channel system.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P715.7;P737
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 孙超;刘永学;李满春;赵赛帅;周e，
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