秦皇岛海域陆源污染调查及其控制对策研究

发布时间：2019-07-06 09:29

【摘要】：人类在生存和发展时必须与自然和谐共生。在现代文明中,生态文明是不可或缺的一个重要构成部分,而自从人类进入工业经济时代后,陆源污染便如影随形,其危害性与日俱增。特别是对于秦皇岛这样的依赖于海洋而发展起来的城市,陆源污染无疑对其经济发展带来巨大的制约性。本文通过对秦皇岛海域主要入海河流的污染现状分析,解析了秦皇岛海域陆源污染物的来源,从立法、具体措施以及保障措施等三方面提出了合理的控制措施。通过研究主要取得以下结论:(1)通过对秦皇岛市近岸海域多个点位取样分析,清洁海域面积正逐年减少,富营养化现象越来越严重,频频出现蓝藻爆发。(2)秦皇岛海水主要污染物是无机氮、磷酸盐、油类等。近岸海域的沉积物尚可,但局部海域贝类体内的污染物残留水平偏高,河流携带入海的污染物总量依然较高。近岸海域海洋生态系统处于亚健康状态。(3)秦皇岛市主要入海河流为饮马河、洋河、汤河、戴河,通过分析数据得出,饮马河和洋河污染最严重,从污染源行业分布情况来看,主要集中在黑色金属矿采业、农副食品加工业和造纸业三大行业,因此加强对这几大行业的综合整治尤为重要。(4)通过对陆源污染现状分析,提出具体措施包括完善环境陆源污染防治法制法规、建立动态监测与预报系统、建立近岸海域的区域性协调管理机制、提高市民海洋环保意识、建立低碳经济发展的长效机制、强化农业企业社会责任、推进重点领域改革、实现生态修复,建立生态系统补偿机制、秦皇岛近岸海域环境综合整治保障机制构建。通过研究陆源污染对于秦皇岛以及周边海域的影响,可以帮助我们进一步了解现有的陆源污染状况,让人们对于陆源污染有更加充分的认知,分析其对于秦皇岛经济发展的严重性以及危害性。并基于现有陆源污染现状,提出合理的对策与建议,从企业层面、政府层面提出有序的优化建议,从而有助于秦皇岛周边经济发展,实现秦皇岛以及周边区域发展的可持续性。
[Abstract]:Human beings must live and develop in harmony with nature. In modern civilization, ecological civilization is an indispensable and important part, and since human beings entered the era of industrial economy, land-based pollution has been accompanied by the shadow, its harmfulness is increasing day by day. Especially for cities such as Qinhuangdao, which depend on the sea and develop, land-based pollution undoubtedly brings great constraints to its economic development. Based on the analysis of the pollution status of the main rivers entering the sea in Qinhuangdao Sea area, this paper analyzes the sources of land-based pollutants in Qinhuangdao Sea area, and puts forward some reasonable control measures from three aspects: legislation, concrete measures and safeguard measures. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) through the sampling and analysis of several points in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao City, the area of clean sea area is decreasing year by year, the eutrophication phenomenon is becoming more and more serious, and blue algae erupts frequently. (2) the main pollutants in Qinhuangdao seawater are inorganic nitrogen, phosphate, oil and so on. The sediment in the coastal area is still good, but the residual level of pollutants in shellfish in the local sea area is on the high side, and the total amount of pollutants carried into the sea by the river is still high. The marine ecosystem of coastal waters is in a sub-healthy state. (3) the main rivers in Qinhuangdao City are Yinma River, Yanghe River, Tang River and Dai River. Through the analysis of the data, it is concluded that the pollution of Yinma River and Yanghe River is the most serious. From the distribution of pollution sources industry, it is mainly concentrated in the black metal mining industry, agricultural and non-staple food processing industry and paper industry. Therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen the comprehensive regulation of these industries. (4) through the analysis of the present situation of land-based pollution, this paper puts forward some concrete measures, including perfecting the legal laws and regulations for the prevention and control of environmental land-based pollution, establishing a dynamic monitoring and forecasting system, establishing a regional coordinated management mechanism in coastal waters, raising citizens' awareness of marine environmental protection, establishing a long-term mechanism for the development of low-carbon economy, strengthening the social responsibility of agricultural enterprises, and promoting the reform of key areas. To realize ecological restoration, to establish ecosystem compensation mechanism and to construct comprehensive environmental improvement guarantee mechanism in Qinhuangdao coastal waters. By studying the influence of land-based pollution on Qinhuangdao and its surrounding sea areas, we can help us to further understand the existing land-based pollution, make people have a fuller understanding of land-based pollution, and analyze its seriousness and harmfulness to Qinhuangdao's economic development. Based on the present situation of land-based pollution, this paper puts forward reasonable countermeasures and suggestions, and puts forward orderly optimization suggestions from the enterprise level and the government level, so as to contribute to the development of Qinhuangdao's surrounding economy and realize the sustainability of Qinhuangdao and its surrounding areas.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55

【相似文献】