北长山岛海水入侵特征及风险评价研究

发布时间：2019-07-06 21:25

【摘要】：海水入侵是指在自然或者人为因素的影响下,滨海地带含水层水动力条件发生改变,破坏了淡水与海水之间的平衡状态,导致海水或者高矿化度的地下咸水沿含水层向内陆方向侵入的过程和现象。北长山岛地处山东半岛以北,孤悬于渤海之中,受海浪和潮流作用明显,加之近年来当地人民对地下水使用不合理,使得该地区受海水入侵灾害的影响越来越严重。本文采用2012年6月至2013年12月定期水质野外调查数据,对北长山岛地区地下水Cl-浓度、矿化度、水位分布情况进行分析,研究该地区海水入侵的分布范围及动态变化趋势,开展北长山岛海水入侵现状及风险评价。(1)选取Cl-浓度及矿化度作为评价指标,利用Arc GIS9.3软件的空间分析功能评价了北长山岛地区进行海水入侵灾害。北长山岛海水入侵的方式以“面状”入侵为主,潜水层海水入侵面积2.13 km2,占整个海岛面积17%,其中严重入侵面积为0.04 km2。北长山岛承压水层海水入侵面积2.48 km2,占整个海岛面积19%,全部为严重入侵。(2)北长山岛由于地理位置特殊,第四纪地层单一,综合分析北长山岛海水入侵的影响因素认为:对北长山岛海水入侵起重要作用的因素包括降水量以及地下水开采量,降雨量的增多和地下水开采量的减少都能降低海水入侵的影响。(3)本文对北长山岛进行海水入侵的综合调查,研究分析了其海水入侵成灾条件和危害程度,对该地区海水入侵现状进行了评价并对海水入侵趋势进行了分析预测。为该地区防治海水入侵灾害及地下水资源开发和管理提供科学依据。
文内图片：

图片说明：北长山岛海水入侵特征及风险评价研究技术路线图
[Abstract]:Seawater invasion refers to the process and phenomenon that the hydrodynamic conditions of aquifers in coastal areas change under the influence of natural or human factors, which destroy the balance between fresh water and seawater, and lead to the invasion of seawater or underground saltwater water along the inland direction of aquifers. North Changshan Island is located in the north of Shandong Peninsula, hanging alone in the Bohai Sea, which is obviously affected by waves and tidal current. In addition, the unreasonable use of groundwater by the local people in recent years makes the area more and more seriously affected by seawater invasion disaster. Based on the regular field survey data of water quality from June 2012 to December 2013, this paper analyzes the Cl- concentration, salinity and water level distribution of groundwater in North Changshan Island, studies the distribution range and dynamic changing trend of seawater intrusion in this area, and carries out the present situation and risk assessment of seawater intrusion in North Changshan Island. (1) the concentration and salinity of Cl- are selected as the evaluation indexes. The spatial analysis function of Arc GIS9.3 software is used to evaluate the seawater intrusion disaster in North Changshan Island area. The main way of seawater intrusion in North Changshan Island is "surface" invasion. The seawater intrusion area of diving layer accounts for 17% of the total island area, of which the serious invasion area is 0.004 km2.. The seawater intrusion area of the confined water layer of North Changshan Island accounts for 19% of the total island area, all of which are serious intrusions. (2) because of the special geographical location of North Changshan Island, the Quaternary strata are single. The comprehensive analysis of the influencing factors of North Changshan Island seawater invasion shows that the factors that play an important role in the seawater invasion of North Changshan Island include precipitation and groundwater exploitation. The increase of rainfall and the decrease of groundwater exploitation can reduce the influence of seawater invasion. (3) in this paper, the comprehensive investigation of seawater invasion in North Changshan Island is carried out, the disaster conditions and harm degree of seawater invasion are studied and analyzed, the present situation of seawater invasion in this area is evaluated, and the trend of seawater invasion is analyzed and predicted. It provides scientific basis for the prevention and control of seawater invasion disaster and the development and management of groundwater resources in this area.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P731.2

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