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聚四氟乙烯平板膜的亲水改性研究

发布时间:2018-01-20 01:52

  本文关键词: PTFE平板膜 膜分离技术 亲水改性 抗污性 出处:《浙江理工大学》2015年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:随着膜分离技术的发展,越来越多的膜材料被用于环保、水处理等领域。聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)平板膜因其耐酸、耐碱、耐化学腐蚀性和高孔隙率、高通量等优点,被视为水处理领域理想的过滤材料,可适应苛刻的过滤环境。但因PTFE平板膜表面极强的疏水性,表面润湿性差,限制了其在水处理领域的应用,故对PTFE平板膜表面进行亲水改性已成为国内外广大研究者们关注的热点。 本文在了解传统化学改性对PTFE平板膜本体结构破坏大的基础上,提出一种亲水材料为“藤”、PTFE平板膜中的原纤为“树”的“藤缠树”物理亲水改性方法。利用粘合剂将亲水性物质通过化学交联牢固的附着于膜表面,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、表面接触角等研究PTFE平板膜改性前后表面结构与亲水性;并测试改性前后PTFE平板膜的过滤性能及抗蛋白污染性。主要研究内容和结论如下: (1)采用聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)的乙醇溶液浸润膜并在NaOH的碱性催化下,在膜表面发生水解反应。实验结果表明:改性膜表面仍保持“原纤-结点”的网状结构,部分原纤变细,结点变大,且部分结点上附着有固体物质,微孔较原膜增大,孔隙率稍有下降;改性膜表面出现亲水性基团-OH和-COOH,接触角由137.1°降到76.8°,初始水通量达1043.9kg·m-2·h-1,具有良好的亲水持久性;对水晶碾磨废水的浊度去除率达99.88%,且降低了对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的吸附性。实验最优条件:PBA的乙醇溶液浓度为30g·L-1、NaOH溶液浓度为0.3M、水解温度为70℃、水解时间为2h。 (2)采用聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)为亲水剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘合剂,戊二醛(GA)为交联剂,对PTFE平板膜进行亲水改性。实验结果表明:未改性PTFE平板膜具有原纤-结点的蜘蛛网状结构,孔径分布均匀,孔隙率高;经亲水改性后膜表面仍保持原纤-结点结构,部分结点变大,原纤变粗,平均孔径较原膜小,孔隙率下降;改性膜表面出现亲水性基团-OH和-SO3Na,接触角由137.1°降到66.1°,初始水通量达963.9kg·m-2·h-1,,具有良好的亲水持久性;对水晶碾磨废水的浊度去除率达99.84%,提高了膜的抗蛋白污染性。实验最优条件:PVA的浓度为30g·L-1、GA的浓度为35.7g·L-1,PSS的浓度为26g·L-1,将PTFE平板膜浸渍于上述试剂的混和溶液并在70℃下烘焙。 (3)采用聚丙烯酸(PAA)与PVA酯化交联改性PTFE平板膜。实验结果表明:改性膜仍保持原纤-结点的网状结构,部分结点发生并合现象,原纤变粗,部分膜孔较原膜变大,孔隙率下降;改性PTFE平板膜表面出现-COOH、-OH、C=O等亲水性基团,接触角从137.1°降到65.3°,初始水通量可达158.9kg·m-2·h-1,具有良好的亲水持久性;经测试,其对BSA的吸附性较原膜低,能有效抑制BSA的吸附,抗污性好。实验最佳条件:PAA/PVA质量比为3/1,添加少量的混合交联剂,酯化温度为100℃。
[Abstract]:With the development of membrane separation technology , more and more membrane materials are used in the fields of environmental protection , water treatment , etc . The polytetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE ) flat membrane is regarded as the ideal filter material in the field of water treatment because of its acid resistance , alkali resistance , chemical corrosion resistance and high porosity and high flux . On the basis of understanding the damage of traditional chemical modification on the structure of PTFE flat membrane , a physical hydrophilic modification method of " vine " was proposed . The hydrophilic material was firmly attached to the surface of the membrane by chemical crosslinking . The surface structure and hydrophilicity of PTFE flat membrane were investigated by means of SEM , FTIR , surface contact angle , etc . The properties of the PTFE flat membrane before and after the modification were tested . The experimental results show that the surface of modified membrane retains the net structure of " original fiber - node " . The experimental results show that the surface of modified membrane retains the net structure of " original fiber - node " . The surface of the modified membrane has increased porosity , the contact angle decreases from 137.1 掳 to 76.8 掳 , the initial water flux reaches 99.88 % , the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.3M , the hydrolysis temperature is 70 鈩

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