MFCs处理环境废弃物及偶氮染料污染物的基础研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 06:30

  本文关键词： 微生物燃料电池 木糖 橙黄Ⅰ邻氨基苯酚　出处：《西南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells, MFCs)是利用微生物的新陈代谢作用直接将有机底物的化学能转化为电能,从而实现有机底物的氧化分解同时产电的过程。MFCs不但是一种洁净的可再生的新能源,也是一种能够用于处理环境废弃物及污染物的新型装置。目前利用MFCs处理环境废弃物及污染物的研究尚处于实验室研究阶段,主要集中在如何提高MFCs的底物利用效率和产电的效率及减小影响MFCs性能因素。本研究采用双室微生物燃料电池的反应器形式,利用Ochrobactrum sp.575或Shewanella putrefaciens作为MFCs的阳极催化剂,50mM的铁氰化钾作为电子最终受体,碳刷作为阳极和阴极,对MFCs分别利用废弃物木糖、偶氮染料橙黄I以及邻氨基苯酚产电的可行性进行了研究,并对底物的利用率和影响MFCs产电效率的因素进行了研究。本文的主要结论如下：1.我们构建的纯菌MFCs能够很好的实现木糖的有效降解、橙黄I的脱色和邻氨基苯酚的氧化同时对外输出电能,并且搭建的单菌MFCs能够长时间重复分解底物并对外输出电能,这为同类型有机物的高效低能耗处理提供了研究思路,并为微生物燃料电池技术的实际应用提供了科学的依据和技术基础。2.以新的菌种Ochrobactrum sp.575作为木糖MFCs的阳极催化剂。首先Ochrobactrum sp.575在MFCs的电场作用下进行了驯化,结果发现通过驯化阳极微生物Ochrobactrum sp.575能够有效地提高MFCs阳极微生物的催化效率,从而能显著地提高MFCs的输出电流密度。经过三次驯化的Ochrobactrum sp.575作为催化剂时,MFCs中木糖的最终利用率达到了97.16%(木糖初始浓度为100mg/L),同时MFCs的最大输出电流密度达到3071.8mA/m3,最大输出功率密度达到了2625mW/m3,这要比同类型以木糖为基质的MFCs的输出功率都要高,这为木糖的高效利用提供了新的思路。研究结果还发现,木糖在MFCs中被微生物代谢后,产物中有延胡索酸的生成,而在正常有氧培养细菌时却没有发现延胡索酸的存在,这说明Ochrobactrum sp.575在MFCs中作为催化剂时,其代谢呼吸链主要为琥珀酸氧化呼吸链,这与传统的NADH氧化呼吸链为代谢呼吸链的电化学活性菌有很大的不同。3.以Shewanella putrefaciens为MFCs阳极催化剂,研究利用MFCs脱色橙黄I同时产电,结果发现,虽然橙黄I对Shewanella putrefaciens的生长过程中造成一定的影响,但在微生物适应之后还是在MFCs中表现出了较好的脱色橙黄I和对外产电的能力。在橙黄I初始浓度为100mg/L时,MFCs的最大输出功率达到了4070.6mW/m3,对应的电流密度为10.86A/m3,MFCs内阻约为300 Q,在MFCs的一个周期内,橙黄I的脱色率达到了95%,并且橙黄I的最终浓度降低到6.91mg/L。4.以Shewanella putrefaciens为MFCs阳极催化剂时,对有机污染物邻氨基苯酚降解发现,虽然邻氨基苯酚的降解效率不是很高,仍有46.6%,但MFCs的最大输出电流密度和最大输出功率密度分别达到了6322mA/m3和5871.3mW/m3。
[Abstract]:Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) directly convert the chemical energy of organic substrates into electric energy through the metabolism of microorganisms. Thus, the process of realizing the oxidation and decomposition of organic substrates and generating electricity. MFCs is not only a clean renewable new energy. It is also a new device which can be used to treat environmental wastes and pollutants. At present, the research of using MFCs to treat environmental wastes and pollutants is still at the stage of laboratory research. This study focused on how to improve the substrate utilization efficiency and power generation efficiency of MFCs and reduce the factors affecting the performance of MFCs. Ochrobactrum sp.575 or Shewanella putrefaciens were used as anode catalysts for MFCs. 50 mm potassium ferricyanide was used as the final electron acceptor and carbon brush as anode and cathode. The feasibility of using waste xylose, azo dye orange yellow I and o-aminophenol to produce electricity by MFCs was studied. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1. The pure bacterial MFCs we constructed can effectively degrade xylose. The decolorization of orange I and the oxidation of o-aminophenol simultaneously outputted electric energy, and the single bacterium MFCs could repeatedly decompose the substrate and output electric energy for a long time. This provides the research idea for the high efficiency and low energy consumption treatment of the same type organic matter. It also provides the scientific basis and technical basis for the practical application of microbial fuel cell technology. 2. Using a new strain of Ochrobactrum. Sp.575 was used as anodic catalyst for xylose MFCs. Firstly, Ochrobactrum sp.575 was acclimated under the electric field of MFCs. The results showed that Ochrobactrum sp.575 could effectively improve the catalytic efficiency of MFCs anode microorganisms. Thus, the output current density of MFCs can be significantly increased, when Ochrobactrum sp.575 is used as catalyst after three acclimation. The final utilization ratio of xylose in MFCs was 97.16% (initial concentration of xylose was 100 mg / L ~ (-1)), and the maximum output current density of MFCs was 3 071.8 mA / m ~ 3. The maximum output power density is 2625mW / m3, which is higher than that of MFCs based on xylose. This provides a new idea for the efficient utilization of xylose. The results also showed that xylose was metabolized by microorganism in MFCs and the product was produced by fumaric acid. However, the presence of fumaric acid was not found in normal aerobic culture bacteria, which indicated that Ochrobactrum sp.575 was used as catalyst in MFCs. The metabolic respiratory chain was mainly oxidized by succinic acid. This is very different from the traditional NADH oxidation respiratory chain as the metabolic respiratory chain electrochemical active bacteria. 3. Using Shewanella. Putrefaciens is anodic catalyst for MFCs. Using MFCs to decolorize orange I and produce electricity at the same time, it was found that orange I had a certain effect on the growth of Shewanella putrefaciens. But after microorganism acclimation, it showed good ability of decolorizing orange I and producing electricity in MFCs, when the initial concentration of orange I was 100mg / L. The maximum output power of MFCs is 4070.6mW / m3 and the corresponding current density is 10.86A / m3MFCs with an internal resistance of 300Q. within one period of MFCs. The decolorization rate of orange I was 95%. The final concentration of orange I was reduced to 6.91 mg / L. 4. When Shewanella putrefaciens was used as anode catalyst for MFCs. It was found that the degradation efficiency of o-aminophenol was 46.6%, although the degradation efficiency of o-aminophenol was not very high. However, the maximum output current density and maximum output power density of MFCs are 6322 Ma / m3 and 5871.3 MW / m3, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM911.45;X703

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