都昌籍景德镇窑工的初步探源及其发展

发布时间：2018-03-02 04:26

本文关键词： 景德镇窑军窑工匠都昌人　出处：《景德镇陶瓷学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：瓷器不仅是中国的伟大发明还是古代文明的重要象征,“瓷都”景德镇就是杰出代表。明清时期,景德镇的瓷器独领风骚,极大的受到今人推崇,国际藏家、收藏市场无不以拥有一件明清时期景德镇的瓷器而感到骄傲。精美的瓷器由窑工烧造而成,景德镇窑工中都昌籍人士占绝大多数,且对景德镇制瓷业、经济和社会秩序影响很大。本文通过对文献资料和历史事件的梳理,结合田野考察,认为历史上的“军窑”与都昌籍人士介入景德镇窑业有直接的关联。元明“鄱阳湖之战”后,大批明军中的都昌籍军人参与到繁重的御窑烧造中,从以体力为主的原料制备——“白土行”起步,逐步学习制瓷技术。进入清代早中期,逐渐掌握了窑户坯房的技术关键,成长为景德镇窑工匠中的主力军。在都昌人的不断努力下,景德镇的瓷器生产几乎都出自都昌人之手,为此都昌人对景德镇制瓷业的发展产生了重大的影响,同时也在景德镇取得了极高的经济地位和社会地位,都昌帮在景德镇称雄称霸,进而被载入史册。景德镇瓷业衰败的重要原因：①西方因工业革命的发展,机械被大量用于制瓷领域,大大降低了制瓷成本,物美价廉的洋瓷,市场竞争力强,充斥着我国市场,景德镇瓷器的市场份额锐减。②景德镇制瓷业因受近代战争的影响,生产上频频受阻。③制瓷业的风险性提高,很多都昌窑户将利润由制瓷业转向土地,还有一些窑户把财产转移到自己的故乡,为家乡人民做些好事、干些实事,从而提高了自己的社会地位并强化了封建宗族。用于景德镇瓷业技术创新和改进的资本就大大减少,从而阻碍了景德镇制瓷业的创新与发展。
[Abstract]:Porcelain is not only a great invention of China, but also an important symbol of ancient civilization. Jingdezhen, the "porcelain capital", was an outstanding representative. The collection market is proud to have a piece of porcelain from Jingdezhen in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Fine porcelain is made by kiln workers, and the majority of Jingdezhen kiln workers are from Duchang, and they are also interested in the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen. The influence of economic and social order is very great. This paper combs the literature and historical events, combined with field investigation, After the war of Poyang Lake in the Yuan and Ming dynasties, a large number of soldiers from the Ming army took part in the heavy burning of the imperial kiln, and considered that there was a direct connection between the "military kiln" in history and the involvement of the people of Duchang nationality in the kiln industry of Jingdezhen. Starting from the preparation of raw materials based on physical strength-"white earth line", we gradually learned the porcelain making technology. In the early and middle Qing Dynasty, we gradually grasped the technical key of the kiln house, and grew into the main force among the craftsmen of Jingdezhen kiln. With the continuous efforts of the people of Duchang, The porcelain production in Jingdezhen almost came from the hands of Duchang people, for this reason, the people of Duchang had a great influence on the development of the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen, and at the same time, they also obtained a very high economic and social status in Jingdezhen. Duchang Gang dominated Jingdezhen and was then recorded in history. The important reason for the decline of the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen was: 1. As a result of the development of the industrial revolution, machinery was extensively used in the field of porcelain making, which greatly reduced the cost of making porcelain and reduced the quality and low price of foreign porcelain. The market competitive power is strong, is flooding our country market, the market share of Jingdezhen porcelain drops sharply .2 Jingdezhen porcelain industry is affected by the modern war, and the risk of the production of the porcelain industry of 3. 3 has been increased frequently because of the influence of the modern war. Many Duchang kilns have shifted their profits from the porcelain industry to the land, while others have transferred their property to their hometown, doing good deeds and doing practical work for the people in their hometown. The capital used in the technological innovation and improvement of Jingdezhen porcelain industry was greatly reduced, thus hindering the innovation and development of Jingdezhen porcelain industry.
【学位授予单位】：景德镇陶瓷学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：J527;TQ174.6

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