电镀废水中铜的电沉积回收及其工艺设计

发布时间：2018-03-08 23:25

  本文选题：铜　切入点：电沉积　出处：《南华大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电镀工业在国民经济中扮演着越来越重要的角色,同时也是当今世界污染最重的行业之一,而且电镀废水具有非常大的毒害性。电镀废水如果得不到完善的、系统的和专业化的处理,这样会对环境和人类健康造成相当大的危害。本文以广东省某电镀园区为研究对象,电镀园区内污水处理厂日处理能力1000m3/d,现有污水分为含镍废水、含铬废水、综合废水、含氰废水、前处理废水、混排废水等六类进行处理。对电镀园区污水处理工艺进行调研,发现现有电镀废水处理工艺存在的问题,提出相关建议。通过研究电镀工业园区含铜废水的金属回收方案,采用离子交换树脂与电解沉积方法回收金属铜,形成一整套的在线回收铜的装置。回收金属铜有一定的经济价值,同时对电镀废水的处理及重金属的回收具有一定的借鉴意义。主要研究内容和结论有:(1)目前电镀园区存在的问题主要有:园区内企业众多,偷排以及不按类排放废水现象时有发生,监管难度大。可通过安装在线探头改善此类问题;铜等重金属回收液没有得到资源化利用,可通过电解沉积法进行回收。(2)使用电沉积法回收模拟电镀工业园区含铜废水中的铜,通过正交实验以及单因素实验全面考察电沉积液温度、初始铜离子浓度、电压、电极间距、初始p H值、添加剂等几个因素对铜回收率的影响以及各个因素不同水平时的铜沉积率规律。最重确定最佳的电沉积条件为:钌铱涂层钛板阳极下,初始铜离子浓度25g/L,电积液温度40℃,电压3.8v,极距25mm,初始p H3.6,添加剂含量7.1g/L。在最佳条件下铜回收率可达到97.82%,此时电流效率为88.54%。(3)阳极材料的选择:通过对不锈钢阳极、钌铱涂层钛板阳极以及钌铱涂层钛网阳极分别进行实验,钌铱涂层钛作阳极时,铜的回收效果最好。因此选用钌铱涂层钛板作为阳极材料。(4)对铜电沉积过程中电化学动力学分析和反应机理进行探讨。(5)利用离子交换装置、电沉积装置组成一整套回收金属铜的装置,含铜废水首先通过两级离子交换装置进行浓缩,浓缩后再进入电解装置进行电沉积。日处理能力1m3。同时加装浓度在线探头以及p H在线探头实现在线监控与管理。
[Abstract]:Electroplating industry plays a more and more important role in the national economy, at the same time, it is one of the most polluted industries in the world, and electroplating wastewater is very toxic. If electroplating wastewater is not perfect, Systematic and specialized treatment will cause considerable harm to the environment and human health. In this paper, a certain electroplating park in Guangdong Province is taken as the research object. The daily treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant in the electroplating park is 1000 m3 / d, and the existing sewage is divided into nickel containing wastewater. There are six kinds of wastewater containing chromium, synthetic wastewater, cyanide wastewater, pretreatment wastewater, mixed discharge wastewater, etc. By investigating the wastewater treatment process of electroplating park, we find out the problems existing in the existing electroplating wastewater treatment process. By studying the metal recovery scheme of copper containing wastewater in electroplating industrial park, the ion exchange resin and electrolytic deposition were used to recover metal copper. Forming a complete set of on-line copper recovery devices. The recovery of metal copper has certain economic value. At the same time, it can be used for reference for the treatment of electroplating wastewater and the recovery of heavy metals. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: there are many enterprises in the electroplating park. Stealthy discharge and non-discharges of waste water are common and difficult to regulate. Such problems can be ameliorated by installing online probes; heavy metal recoveries such as copper have not been used as a resource. The electrodeposition method can be used to recover copper from the wastewater containing copper in the simulated electroplating industrial park. The temperature of electrodeposition solution, initial concentration of copper ion, voltage and electrode spacing are investigated by orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment. The effect of initial pH value, additive and other factors on copper recovery and the rule of copper deposition rate at different levels were obtained. The best electrodeposition conditions were determined as follows: ruthenium iridium coated titanium plate anode, The initial copper ion concentration is 25g / L, the electric fluid temperature is 40 鈩，

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