轻油裂解法氰化钠生产工艺的热平衡分析及利用

发布时间：2018-03-13 16:07

本文选题：轻油　切入点：氰化钠　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氰化钠,一种非常重要的化工原料,在染料、医药、农药、电镀、采矿以及精细化工等很多方面都有应用。氰化钠的主要生产工艺包括安氏法、丙烯腈副产法、轻油裂解法等。其中,轻油裂解法拥有原料来源广泛、工艺流程简短、清洁环保的优势,因此成为中国市场中产能最大、应用最广的工艺路线。经过对比工艺路线和区域条件,河北诚信有限责任公司选择了轻油裂解法生产氰化钠。轻油裂解法虽然优势明显,但也有显著的缺点—耗电量大。在全国电力紧张的环境下(尤其是夏季经常出现拉闸限电的情况),对工艺的能量消耗(尤其是电力提供的热量)进行分析,并合理改造提高热量利用率,就成了影响该工艺进一步发展的头等难关。本论文针对以上情况,对河北诚信有限责任公司的轻油裂解法生产系统进行了热平衡分析。此生产系统包括原料储运、反应裂解、炉气处理、成品吸收及提纯等工序,其中的核心工序是反应裂解,核心设备就是反应裂解的裂解炉,而且本工艺的主要热量交换就是在裂解炉内外进行,所以通过分析了解裂解炉的主体结构,并收集汇总裂解炉在全生产周期内的相关数据,从裂解炉的主体结构和物料进出两个方面对裂解炉进行热平衡分析,其中裂解炉的主体结构热损计算采用傅立叶定律的多层壁的定态导热过程公式,而热辐射损失采用斯蒂芬—玻尔兹曼定律计算,物料进出的热量则采用热焓值差来计算,最后得到误差值在1.36%的总热平衡及热效率88.34%的结果。依据热平衡分析数据,对生产线进行了改造来利用烟气的热量来加热原料,提高热量的利用率,同时大幅度提高了生产线的产能(产能由6万吨/年提高到12万吨/年)。通过对生产中的热平衡理论分析,结合其在生产中实际运用,为企业进一步节能减排、提升效率奠定了理论基础,并为企业经济效益的提高和社会价值的实现做出了贡献。
[Abstract]:Sodium cyanide, a very important chemical raw material, is used in many fields, such as dye, medicine, pesticide, electroplating, mining and fine chemical industry, etc. The main production processes of sodium cyanide include Ann's method, acrylonitrile by-product method, etc. Among them, light oil pyrolysis has the advantages of a wide range of feedstock sources, short process flow, clean and environmental protection, so it has become the most productive and most widely used process route in the Chinese market. By comparing the process routes with regional conditions, Hebei Credit Co., Ltd. has chosen light oil cracking method to produce sodium cyanide. Although light oil cracking method has obvious advantages, But there are also significant disadvantages-high power consumption. In situations of power stress throughout the country (especially in the summer when switching is often limited), the energy consumption of the process (especially the heat generated by electricity) is analyzed. And reasonably improving the heat utilization ratio becomes the most difficult problem to affect the further development of the process. The thermal balance analysis of light oil pyrolysis production system of Hebei Credit Co., Ltd is carried out. The production system includes raw material storage and transportation, reaction cracking, furnace gas treatment, product absorption and purification, and so on, the core of which is reaction cracking. The core equipment is the cracking furnace of reaction cracking, and the main heat exchange of this process is carried out inside and outside the cracking furnace, so through analyzing the main structure of the cracking furnace and collecting the relevant data of the cracking furnace in the whole production cycle, The heat balance of the pyrolysis furnace is analyzed from two aspects: the main structure of the pyrolysis furnace and the material entry and exit. The heat loss of the main structure of the pyrolysis furnace is calculated by the Fourier law formula of the steady state heat conduction process of the multi-layer wall. The heat radiation loss is calculated by Steff-Boltzmann 's law, and the heat in and out of the material is calculated by the difference of enthalpy value. Finally, the results of total heat balance and thermal efficiency 88.34% with error value of 1.36% are obtained. The production line has been modified to use the heat of the flue gas to heat the raw materials and to improve the utilization rate of the heat. At the same time, the production capacity of the production line has been greatly increased (the production capacity has been increased from 60,000 tons per year to 120,000 tons per year. Through the theoretical analysis of the heat balance in production, combined with its practical application in production, further energy saving and emission reduction can be achieved for enterprises. It lays a theoretical foundation for improving efficiency and contributes to the improvement of economic efficiency and the realization of social value.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ131.12

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