阴极材料对微生物燃料电池性能与微生物群落结构的影响

发布时间：2018-03-21 03:46

本文选题：微生物燃料电池　切入点：空气阴极　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,人类社会面临着严峻能源挑战和环境问题。人类文明的发展离不开大量能源资源的利用,发展所产生的污染又对人类的生存环境造成了极为严重的破坏。而微生物燃料电池(MFC)技术的出现,为同时解决能源和环境污染提供了一种新的思路,它能将污水中的化学能转化为可以供生产使用的电能,在净化环境的同时也提供了一种绿色能源。然而,MFC技术自身依旧存在着一些瓶颈,阻碍了这项技术在工程中的应用,如造价高、能量转化效率低、扩大化困难等。针对MFC造价高的问题,本文在传统的空气阴极理论和方法的基础之上,提出了新的空气阴极制备方式,并对几种不同的空气阴极进行了讨论。本文以“三明治”阴极结构理论为基础,提出了一种活性炭、不锈钢网及建筑防水透气膜为材料制作空气阴极(AC-WBM阴极)的方法,为了探究这种方法的可行性,通过构建MFC与传统碳布阴极(Pt-CC)和两种铂碳-不锈钢网-建筑防水透气膜阴极(Pt-on-SSM和Pt-on-WBM)进行性能对比。以2 g/L乙酸钠为底物,AC-WBM阴极的最大功率密度达到了0.96 W/m2,低于Pt-CC阴极的1.30 W/m2。但是鉴于成本比较低,所以认为该制备方法有一定的研究价值。在验证了AC-WBM阴极具有一定的可行性之后,使用了碳黑(CB)-PTFE混合层、聚乙烯薄膜(PE)和热塑聚氨酯薄膜(TPU)对建筑防水透气膜进行替换,其中,AC-CB阴极和AC-TPU阴极的最大功率密度分别达到了2.15 W/m2和2.03 W/m2,而相同条件下的Pt-CC阴极只达到了1.51 W/m2。通过对几种阴极进行综合比较后,以综合评价最优的AC-TPU阴极利用管式反应器进行了扩大化实验。最后,为了探究不同材料阴极对MFC体系中微生物群落的影响,通过Illumina Hi Seq测序平台进行了16S r RNA基因测序,并分析了不同MFC中阴极和阳极上生物群落的差异。阳极上的微生物组成和阴极上的微生物组成具有明显区别。阳极上主要的门为Proteobacteria,主要的优势的细菌为Geobacter属(38~75%),从阳极生物群落结构可以看出各组MFC系统的阳极产电微生物富集情况良好。而不同类型的阴极对阴极上的微生物群落结构有着较大的影响。整体来看,不同阴极对于MFC的性能具有一定的影响。
[Abstract]:At present, human society is faced with severe energy challenges and environmental problems. The development of human civilization is inseparable from the use of a large number of energy resources. The pollution caused by the development has caused extremely serious damage to the living environment of human beings, and the emergence of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has provided a new way to solve the pollution of energy and environment at the same time. It can convert the chemical energy in the sewage into electric energy that can be used in production, and it also provides a kind of green energy while purifying the environment. However, there are still some bottlenecks in the MFC technology itself, which hinders the application of the technology in engineering. For example, high cost, low efficiency of energy conversion and difficulty of expansion. In view of the problem of high cost of MFC, this paper puts forward a new method of preparing air cathode based on the traditional air cathode theory and method. Several different kinds of air cathodes are discussed. Based on the theory of "sandwich" cathode structure, a method of making AC-WBM cathode with activated carbon, stainless steel mesh and building waterproof and permeable film is proposed in this paper. To explore the feasibility of this approach, The performance of MFC was compared with that of conventional carbon cloth cathode (Pt-CC) and two kinds of platinum-carbon stainless steel net-building waterproof gas permeable membrane cathode Pt-on-SSM and Pt-on-WBM. the maximum power density of AC-WBM cathode with 2 g / L sodium acetate as substrate was 0.96 W / m ~ 2, which was lower than that of Pt-CC. 1.30W / m2 of the cathode. But given the low cost, After the feasibility of the AC-WBM cathode was verified, the carbon black CB-PTFE mixed layer, polyethylene film and thermoplastic polyurethane film were used to replace the building waterproof gas permeable film. The maximum power density of AC-CB cathode and AC-TPU cathode are 2.15 W / m ~ 2 and 2.03 W / m ~ 2, respectively, while the Pt-CC cathode under the same conditions is only 1.51 W / m ~ (2). In order to explore the effect of cathode materials on microbial community in MFC system, 16s r RNA gene sequencing was carried out by Illumina Hi Seq sequencing platform. The differences of biota on cathode and anode in different MFC were analyzed. The microbial composition on anode and cathode were obviously different. The main gate on anode was Proteobacteria, and the dominant bacteria was Geobacter. The anodic biota structure shows that the anodic electroproducing microorganism is well enriched in each group of MFC system, and the different types of cathode have a great influence on the microbial community structure on the cathode. Different cathodes have a certain effect on the performance of MFC.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703;TM911.45

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