微波辅助超滤膜的制备及其性能评价

发布时间：2018-03-27 23:35

  本文选题：超滤膜　切入点：抗污染　出处：《西南石油大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：超滤作为一种高效的分离方式,在含油污水处理中运用越来越多。但要将其大规模运用于油水分离,仍然存在一些问题。其中,最大的问题就是如何有效的控制超滤膜的污染。本文通过在铸膜液体系中加入无水LiCl离子,提高超滤膜的抗污染能力。同时采用微波加热,加速超滤膜的制备。 和传统加热方式相比,微波加热主要是通过偶极极化作用和离子传导作用两个机理加热。其特点是加热具有瞬时性、均匀性、高效性和选择性。本文以聚醚砜(PES)为主体膜材料,加入聚氧乙烯(PEO)改善超滤膜的亲水性,再以二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作为有机溶剂配制铸膜液,同时引入无机盐LiCl用于提高膜材料的亲水性和抗污染能力。 在本文中,当铸膜液体系在90℃时,常规加热使样品完全溶解需要2h：而在微波的作用下,只需要30min到1h。同时,在特定的条件下(LiCl:0.5%,微波功率110W),和常规加热相比,制备的超滤膜水通量由78.78L·m-2·h-1提高到了169.50L·m-2·h-1(提升了115.15%),接触角由90.45°降到了88.20°。 本文以场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、衰减全反射红外(ATR-FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)为主要表征手段,对微波场在铸膜液体系中的作用机理进行了分析：由于微波加热的特殊性,使被加热物体内部不存在温度梯度,PES和PEO在DMF中溶解速度大幅提高；由于微波的离子传导效应,使LiCl离子在铸膜液体系中更好更快地分散；由于铸膜液体系中各组分的分子极性不同,导致其在微波场下受到的作用力不同,在成膜过程中各组分的分布也存在差异。
[Abstract]:As an efficient separation method, ultrafiltration is more and more widely used in oily wastewater treatment. However, there are still some problems in large-scale application of ultrafiltration in oil-water separation. The biggest problem is how to effectively control the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane. In this paper, the antifouling ability of ultrafiltration membrane is improved by adding anhydrous LiCl ion into the casting membrane system. At the same time, microwave heating is used to accelerate the preparation of ultrafiltration membrane. Compared with traditional heating methods, microwave heating is mainly heated by two mechanisms of dipolar polarization and ion conduction. In this paper, polyether sulfone (PES) was used as the main membrane material, polyoxyethylene (PEO) was added to improve the hydrophilicity of ultrafiltration membrane, and then dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as organic solvent to prepare the casting membrane solution. At the same time, inorganic salt LiCl was introduced to improve the hydrophilicity and antifouling ability of membrane materials. In this paper, when the casting liquid is fixed at 90 鈩，

本文编号：1673789