涤棉基底可逆超亲疏油水分离膜的制备及应用

发布时间：2018-04-02 03:01

本文选题：超疏水　切入点：油水分离　出处：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人们日常生活污水、工业含油废水的乱排乱放以及海洋石油的原油泄漏,不仅是资源的浪费而且对环境造成危害甚至波及人类的生命安全。为了解决这一难题,随着界面科学的研究进展,人们将具有特殊浸润性的界面材料应用于油水分离领域。本文在涤棉基质上通过不同的方法构建微纳米粗糙结构,并用低表面能物质修饰制备出具有特殊浸润性的纺织品。然后,特殊浸润性纺织品经过后期处理,得到了具有双向油水分离性能的膜材料,并且通过外界刺激能够可控的实现润湿性能的可逆转变,即达到油或水分离的目的。本文主要研究内容和结论如下:具有特殊浸润性织物膜材料的制备及其在油水分离中的应用。通过探究织物表面润湿性能随着涤棉织物上沉积原位聚合聚苯胺工艺条件改变的变化,找到了合适的聚合温度、掺杂酸浓度、引发剂浓度和培烘温度的组合并调控得到了具有超疏水性能的纺织品。该纺织品由于聚苯胺本身具有掺杂-脱掺的性能以及其本身结构态的转化,经过氢氧化钠碱性溶液处理可以实现织物表面润湿性能由超疏水/超亲油性能到超亲水/水下超疏油性能的转变。此外,聚苯胺本身的再掺杂使得润湿性能在这两种特殊的浸润模式之间实现可逆的循环转变。将该织物膜应用到油水分离中,可以实现简单油水混合物中油或水的分离,分离效率为98%,分离循环次数达到80次以上,实现2次可逆循环,而且织物经过2100次的摩擦,仍然具有疏水的性能,具有良好的耐摩擦性能。具有快速转变的特殊浸润性织物的制备及其在油水分离中的应用。首先,化学镀铜在涤棉织物表面沉积均匀致密的铜层,十二酸和氢氧化钠表面改性使得织物润湿性能发生可逆转变。采用碱辅助氧化的方式在化学镀得到的均一、致密的镀铜织物表面生长氢氧化铜纳米线,然后经过十二酸的乙醇溶液的浸泡修饰,通过织物表面浸润性随氧化刻蚀时间、碱辅助氧化剂浓度、十二酸浸渍时间、十二酸浓度条件改变的变化,制备出了快速转变的可逆特殊浸润性织物。由于十二酸不仅具有低表面能的性质,还具有酸的性能,经过氢氧化钠碱性溶液处理,织物的浸润性由超疏水/超亲油向超亲水/水下超疏油转化。此外,十二酸的再次自组装沉积和氢氧化钠的表面改性可以实现织物表面在两种浸润模式之间的可逆转换。在油水分离的应用中,实现了油/水/油复杂混合体系的连续分离,超疏水/超亲油的性能达到滤油截水的目的,然后,分离过程中只需要加入氢氧化钠溶液使得织物润湿性能转变为超亲水/水下超疏油的性质实现滤水截油的效果,从而实现了可控的油或水的分离。该织物膜应用到油水分离中,简单油水混合物的分离效率为98%,分离循环次数达到80次以上,可实现5次可逆的浸润性转变。
[Abstract]:People's daily life sewage, industrial oily wastewater of arbitrary row misplacing and crude oil oil spill on the sea, is not only a waste of resources and environmental damage, and even affect the safety of human life. In order to solve this problem, with the progress of research on Interface Science, people will have a special application interface material wettability in oil-water separation field. In cotton substrate by different methods of building micro nano rough structure, and modified with low surface energy materials prepared with special wettability of textile. Then, special invasive textile after treatment, the membrane material with bidirectional oil-water separation performance, and stimulate the reversible transformation can achieve controllable wettability through the outside, that is to separate the oil or water. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: with special wettability of fabric membrane material preparation And its application in oil-water separation. Through research on fabric surface wettability changes as the polymerization conditions of polyaniline deposited in situ polyester cotton fabric, find the suitable polymerization temperature, the concentration of doping acid, lead and combination regulation agent concentration and baking temperature were obtained with super hydrophobic performance of the textiles because of textiles. Polyaniline doping - doped off itself has its own transformation properties and structure state, after sodium hydroxide alkaline solution treatment can be achieved by the fabric surface wettability of superhydrophobic / superoleophilic properties to super hydrophilic / change underwater superoleophobic performance. In addition, cyclic transformation of doped polyaniline itself that the wettability of reversible between these two kinds of special infiltration mode. The fabric membrane applied to the oil-water separation, the separation can achieve a simple mixture of oil or water, separation efficiency For 98% cycles, the separation is more than 80 times, the realization of the 2 reversible cycle, and fabric after friction 2100 times, still has hydrophobic properties, has good anti friction performance. With the rapid transformation of the special invasive fabric preparation and its application in oil-water separation. First, the copper layer chemical copper in polyester cotton fabric is deposited on the surface of uniform density, twelve acid and sodium hydroxide surface modification makes the fabric wettability reversible transformation. By alkali assisted oxidation in the homogeneous chemical plating obtained, dense copper plated fabric surface growth hydroxide copper nanowires, then soaked modified acid twelve ethanol solution. Through the fabric wettability with the oxidation etching time, alkali auxiliary oxidant concentration, twelve acid dipping time, acid concentration changes of twelve conditions, prepared by reversible fast changing special invasive by fabric. In twelve acid not only has properties of low surface energy, but also has the properties of acid, sodium hydroxide solution after alkaline treatment, infiltrating the fabric transformed from superhydrophobic / superoleophilic to super hydrophilic / underwater superoleophobic. In addition, twelve acid deposition again and sodium hydroxide can achieve reversible surface modification the surface of the fabric between two kinds of infiltration mode conversion. In the application of oil-water separation in the oil / water / oil complex continuous separation of the mixed system, the performance of super hydrophobic / super oleophilic oil filter to cut water, then the separation process only needs to add sodium hydroxide solution makes the transition of wetting properties of fabrics for the super hydrophilic properties / underwater superoleophobic implementation of water cut oil filter effect, so as to realize the separation of oil or water controllable. The fabric membrane applied to the oil-water separation, the separation efficiency of simple oil-water mixture for 98% cycles of separation More than 80 times, 5 reversible infiltrative transitions can be achieved.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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