煤矸石发泡陶瓷的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 09:28

本文选题：煤矸石　切入点：发泡陶瓷　出处：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对目前墙体保温材料及煤矸石高附加值利用存在的问题,本文在研究煤矸石化学成分组成特点的基础上,采用粉末坯体发泡工艺制备出了一种煤矸石掺量高达90wt%,理论上可提供1/6~1/3热能,且具有耐久、隔音、轻质、高强等优良性能的生态环保型发泡陶瓷保温板,并研究了坯料主要化学成分组成、粉磨工艺和烧成工艺与发泡陶瓷性能的关系。通过XRD、SEM、TG-DSC、XRF、LPS等分析测试手段探讨了影响发泡陶瓷性能的因素及作用机理。首先,对发泡陶瓷坯料化学成分组成进行了设计,研究了Fe2O3、MgO、Al2O3、发泡剂掺量与发泡陶瓷性能的关系及作用机理。试验结果表明:Fe2O3在高温条件下分解产生的氧气和Fe2+,可调节发泡剂产生气体的速率和降低液相产生温度,从而表现出助熔、改善孔结构、拓宽烧成温度范围的作用;MgO也具有与Fe2O3相似的作用;Al2O3表现出稳泡及促进晶相的产生,从而提高材料力学性能的作用;坯料中复合发泡剂外掺量为0.1wt%时即可烧制出含有大量均匀气孔的发泡陶瓷,适宜外掺量为0.3~2.0wt%,外掺量过多可导致发泡陶瓷孔结构和性能的恶化。其次,研究了粉磨工艺与发泡陶瓷性能的关系。探讨了粉磨助剂及粉磨时间对坯料粒度分布和发泡陶瓷性能的影响。试验结果表明:粉磨助剂和粉磨时间主要通过影响坯料混合均匀性和坯料的细度及粒度分布来影响发泡陶瓷的孔隙结构和性能;湿法粉磨工艺与添加0.035%三乙醇胺干法粉磨工艺烧成的发泡陶瓷孔结构和性能相似,然而湿法粉磨工艺复杂、能耗高、制备周期长,因此可被添加三乙醇胺干法粉磨工艺所代替。最后,研究了烧成工艺与发泡陶瓷性能的关系。采用单因素变量法分析了烧成温度和保温时间对发泡陶瓷性能的影响。试验结果表明:烧成温度和保温时间均对发泡陶瓷孔结构和抗压强度影响显著,对吸水率影响较小。升高烧成温度或延长保温时间,在促使气泡充分长大的同时,可提高气泡孔径的一致性,使表观密度和吸水率降低,但烧成温度过高或保温时间过长,会破坏孔结构,导致连通孔和“孔窗”的产生,从而提高表观密度和吸水率。此外,总结了发泡陶瓷性能之间的影响规律与关系:发泡陶瓷的性能主要受孔结构和表观密度的影响。
[Abstract]:In view of the problems existing in the high value-added utilization of wall insulation materials and gangue, this paper studies the characteristics of chemical composition of coal gangue.A kind of eco-environment-friendly foamed ceramic insulation board with excellent properties such as durability, sound insulation, light weight, high strength and so on has been prepared by using powder billet foaming process, which can provide 1 / 6 / 1 / 3 heat energy in theory, and the content of coal gangue is as high as 90 wts.The relationship between the chemical composition, grinding process and sintering process of the billets and the properties of foamed ceramics was also studied.The factors affecting the properties of foamed ceramics and the mechanism were discussed by means of the analysis and measurement of XRDX SEMX TG-DSCN and XRF LPS.Firstly, the chemical composition of foamed ceramic billets was designed, and the relationship between the amount of foaming agent and the properties of foamed ceramics was studied.The experimental results show that the oxygen and Fe2 produced by the decomposition of Fe2O3 at high temperature can adjust the rate of gas produced by foaming agent and lower the temperature of liquid phase, so that it can help melt and improve the pore structure.The effect of widening the firing temperature range is also similar to that of Fe2O3. Al _ 2O _ 3 shows the function of stabilizing foaming and promoting the production of crystalline phase, thus improving the mechanical properties of materials.Foamed ceramics containing a large number of uniform pores can be prepared when the amount of foaming agent in the billet is 0.1 wt%, and the appropriate addition amount is 0.32 ~ 2.0 wt.The excessive addition of foaming agent can lead to the deterioration of the pore structure and properties of the foamed ceramics.Secondly, the relationship between the grinding process and the properties of foamed ceramics was studied.The effects of grinding aids and grinding time on particle size distribution and properties of foamed ceramics were discussed.The experimental results show that the pore structure and properties of foamed ceramics are mainly affected by the influence of grinding aids and grinding time on the mixing uniformity of the billets and the fineness and particle size distribution of the billets.The structure and properties of foamed ceramics prepared by wet grinding process are similar to those of foamed ceramics by adding 0.035% triethanolamine dry grinding process. However, the wet grinding process is complex, high energy consumption and long preparation period, so it can be replaced by adding triethanolamine dry grinding process.Finally, the relationship between the sintering process and the properties of foamed ceramics was studied.The effects of sintering temperature and holding time on the properties of foamed ceramics were analyzed by single factor variable method.The results show that both sintering temperature and holding time have significant effects on the pore structure and compressive strength of foamed ceramics, but have little effect on water absorption.Raising the sintering temperature or prolonging the holding time can increase the consistency of bubble pore size and decrease the apparent density and water absorption, but if the sintering temperature is too high or the holding time is too long, the pore structure will be destroyed.Leads to the formation of connected holes and "hole windows", thus increasing apparent density and water absorption.In addition, the relationship between the properties of foamed ceramics was summarized. The properties of foamed ceramics were mainly affected by the pore structure and apparent density.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ174.1

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