炭吸附二氧化钛复合纳米粉体的制备及光催化性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 03:21

  本文选题：炭吸附　切入点：光催化　出处：《内蒙古科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的发展和能源的消耗，环境问题日益严重，尤其是以煤炭消耗为主的我国。由能源消耗所带来的环境问题，如废水的处理，空气的净化等问题也引起了广泛的关注。近年来，在水处理领域得到广泛应用的膜分离技术由于存在单独选择性分离和膜污染的缺点，造成水处理效果和处理能耗随时间变化显著，制约了膜分离技术的发展。而纳米半导体光催化技术应用于废水的处理和降解有机污染物等领域表现出好的效果。特别是将二氧化钛作为基底材料的半导体光催化技术，在空气净化与废水处理方面具有很大的潜力。 本文利用炭吸附法与普通制备催化剂的方法耦合的技术，以钛酸丁酯、氧化铋和氧化钇为原料，制备纳米Bi2O3，Bi2O3/TiO2和Y2O3/TiO2复合粉体。采用热重/差热仪(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)等方法对所得催化剂的焙烧温度、物相、微粒尺寸及光吸收性能进行表征。结果表明：炭黑的加入能有效阻止纳米粉体在制备、干燥以及焙烧过程的团聚和烧结，制得的粉体颗粒均匀，分散性好，团聚较少。经600℃焙烧的纳米Bi2O3粉体，平均晶粒尺寸为13nm，比表面积为88.32m2/g。经600℃焙烧的Bi2O3/TiO2粉体，平均晶粒尺寸为18.8nm，比表面积为86.52m2/g。经600℃焙烧的Y2O3/TiO2粉体，，平均晶粒尺寸为15nm，比表面积为80.25m2/g。 以亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物，制备的纳米Bi2O3，Bi2O3/TiO2和Y2O3/TiO2复合粉体为催化剂，评价催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明：与普通制备方法相比，炭吸附耦合法制备的Bi2O3，Bi2O3/TiO2和Y2O3/TiO2复合粉体在紫外和可见光下对亚甲基蓝均有光催化效果，在50min内亚甲基蓝的降解率的大小为：Bi2O3/TiO2Y2O3/TiO2Bi2O3。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the consumption of energy, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious, especially in China.Environmental problems caused by energy consumption, such as wastewater treatment, air purification and so on, have attracted wide attention.In recent years, membrane separation technology, which has been widely used in the field of water treatment, has the disadvantages of separate selective separation and membrane fouling, which results in significant changes of water treatment efficiency and energy consumption with time, which restricts the development of membrane separation technology.The application of nanometer semiconductor photocatalytic technology in wastewater treatment and degradation of organic pollutants shows good results.Especially the semiconductor photocatalytic technology which uses titanium dioxide as substrate has great potential in air purification and wastewater treatment.In this paper, the nanosized Bi _ 2O _ 3 / Bi _ 2O _ 3 / TIO _ 2 and Y2O3/TiO2 composite powders were prepared from butyl titanate, bismuth oxide and yttrium oxide by coupling the carbon adsorption method with the conventional preparation method.The calcination temperature, phase, particle size and photoabsorption properties of the catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric / differential calorimeter (TG-DTAA) X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-Vis-UV spectrometer.The results show that the addition of carbon black can effectively prevent the agglomeration and sintering of nano-powder in preparation, drying and calcination process. The prepared powders are uniform in particle size, good in dispersion and less in agglomeration.The nanocrystalline Bi2O3 powders calcined at 600 鈩

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