基于磷矿尾矿自保温砌块制备与节能效果研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 12:36

  本文选题：尾矿利用 + 自保温　； 参考：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,中国经济持续高速增长,能源消耗越来越大。在整个社会总能耗中,建筑能耗占比非常大,因此建筑节能显得尤为重要。资源大量消耗的同时,也产生了大量的固体废弃物,比如磷矿尾矿。我国每年产生大量的磷矿尾矿,由于长年堆积,得不到有效的利用,对周边生态环境造成了严重的危害。随着“绿色建筑”这一概念的提出,绿色建材越来越受到欢迎。利用磷矿尾矿制备绿色建材不仅能够大量消耗工业固体废弃物,保护生态环境,还能带来一定的经济效益。为了制备出满足热工性能要求的砌块,本文首先以串、并联模型为基础建立了磷矿尾矿自保温砌块的有效导热系数计算模型,以磷矿尾矿水泥基为固体骨架,分析固体骨架导热系数s?与气孔率?对材料导热系数的影响,采用单因素敏感性分析法,当s?与?分别在-20%~20%之间变化时,计算结果显示,气孔率?对材料导热系数的影响大于固体骨架导热系数s?,这一结论对实验设计具有指导意义。通过分析原材料的性能,确定了实验方案。依次掺入30%、40%、50%比例的磷矿尾矿来调节骨架的导热系数;掺入10~30g的泡沫(依次增加2.5g),来调节砌块的气孔率。测试制备的砌块的性能,结果显示,固体骨架的导热系数随着磷矿尾矿掺入量的增加而减小;随着泡沫量的增加,气孔率增大,砌块内部气孔的平均孔径也增大,砌块的导热系数减小;当磷矿尾矿掺入量为50%,气孔率大于等于45%时,砌块的导热系数达到了保温材料的要求,小于0.2 W/(m?K)。进一步优化制备参数,制备出密度等级为B07级的磷矿尾矿自保温砌块,导热系数为0.15 W/(m?K),热工性能好,强度等级为A3.5级,达到了外墙砌块的强度要求。以夏热冬冷地区建筑为例,分析磷矿尾矿自保温砌块对建筑隔热与墙体内表面结露的影响。将磷矿尾矿自保温砌块应用到建筑外围护结构中,计算得到夏季墙体内表面最高温度为36.79℃小于加气混凝土墙内表面最高温度为37.03℃;计算得到冬季墙体热桥内表面温度为16.62℃大于加气混凝土墙热桥内表面温度16.24℃。通过DeST能耗模拟软件计算,在围护结构中应用磷矿尾矿自保温砌块,在夏季空调期节能率可达5.7%,在冬季采暖期节能率可达2.9%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's economy continues to grow at a high speed, and energy consumption is increasing. In the whole society energy consumption, building energy consumption is very large, so building energy conservation is particularly important. At the same time, a large amount of solid waste, such as phosphate tailings, is produced. A large number of phosphate tailings are produced every year in China. Due to the accumulation of phosphate ore for a long time, it can not be used effectively, which has caused serious harm to the surrounding ecological environment. With the concept of "green building" put forward, green building materials are becoming more and more popular. The preparation of green building materials from phosphate tailings can not only consume industrial solid wastes, protect the ecological environment, but also bring about certain economic benefits. In order to prepare blocks that meet the requirements of thermal performance, a calculation model of effective thermal conductivity of phosphate tailings with cement base as solid skeleton is established based on serial and parallel models. Analysis of solid skeleton thermal conductivity s? And porosity? Single factor sensitivity analysis was used to determine the thermal conductivity of materials. With? When the change is between -20% and 20%, the calculated results show that the porosity? The effect on the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than that of the solid skeleton. This conclusion is of great significance to the experimental design. By analyzing the properties of raw materials, the experimental scheme is determined. The thermal conductivity of the skeleton was adjusted by adding 30% and 40% of the phosphate tailings to adjust the thermal conductivity of the skeleton, and the foam of 10 ~ 30 g was added to adjust the porosity of the block by increasing 2.5 g in turn. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the solid skeleton decreases with the increase of the content of phosphate tailings, the porosity increases with the increase of the foam content, and the average pore diameter of the inner pore increases with the increase of the foam content, the results show that the thermal conductivity of the solid skeleton decreases with the increase of the content of phosphate tailings. The thermal conductivity of the block decreases, and when the content of phosphate tailings is 50 and the porosity is greater than 45, the thermal conductivity of the block reaches the requirement of thermal insulation material, which is less than 0.2 W / m ~ (-1). Further optimizing the preparation parameters, a phosphate tailings self-insulating block with density grade B07 was prepared, with a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W / m ~ (-1), good thermal performance and a strength grade of A3.5, which met the strength requirements of the external wall block. Taking buildings in hot summer and cold winter area as an example, the influence of self insulation block of phosphate tailings on building heat insulation and wall inner surface dew is analyzed. The self-insulation block of phosphate tailings is applied to the outer envelope of the building. The results show that the maximum temperature of the inner surface of the wall in summer is 36.79 鈩，

本文编号：1815297