石墨烯基柔性纤维超级电容的电极材料研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 02:01

本文选题：石墨烯 + 石墨烯纳米层状结构　；参考：《苏州大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：随着信息科学、材料科学和纺织工程等多个学科的飞速发展以及人们对生活服装、实用织物的要求越来越高,电子织物的发展正好迎合了这种需求。将纺织品与电子真正意义上的融合是促进和发展电子织物的当务之急,因此研发纤维状外形电子器件和能量存储器件显得更为迫切。进入新世纪,能源紧缺冲击着全球经济运行和人们的日常生活,发展清洁高效绿色环保的清洁能源越来越引起人们的关注,而超级电容被认为是能量储存领域的一项革命性发展。发展具有高能量密度、功率密度、轻便的柔性纤维储能器件具有非同一般的意义,因此柔性纤维超级电容将是最理想的选择。同时,由于石墨烯作为一种新型的纳米二维材料,其优异的物理特性被认为是理想的碳基超级电容电极材料,很多研究人员已经利用石墨烯制备出大容量高效的平板式超级电容,但是石墨烯尚未被应用到柔性纤维状超级电容器。本文以氧化石墨烯材料为基础,采用电泳沉积的方法,制备了三种不同的基于石墨烯纳米结构的柔性纤维电极,并对其进行了表征与电化学测试,主要内容包括以下几个方面:(1)制备得到了性能优异的氧化石墨烯片、尺度均一的纳米碳球,为后续实验奠定了基础;并探讨了石墨烯化学还原法和热还原法在本实验过程中的优劣;(2)采用电泳沉积的方法,采用不同的氧化石墨烯还原法制备得到具有石墨烯纳米层状结构的柔性纤维电极,通过对电极的电化学性能测试,电极具有一定的超级电容性能,但是电极的石墨烯片层的堆叠现象和热还原过程中出现的石墨烯重新石墨化影响了电极的性能;(3)为解决(2)中出现的问题,采用电泳沉积的方法,通过热还原的方式,制备得到石墨烯泡沫柔性纤维电极,电极性能并没有设想中的优异性能,其性能甚至都无法与纯石墨烯电极进行比较;(4)通过HI还原石墨烯,采用电泳沉积法制备得到石墨烯碳球多孔层状纳米结构柔性纤维电极,通过在石墨烯层状纳米结构中引入纳米碳球,制备得到的电极具有最为优异的电化学性能;(5)对以上三种电极进行交流阻抗谱拟合,结合实验数据和拟合数据,对实验方法和材料结构进行分析总结,用理论的方法证实采用HI还原石墨烯得到的石墨烯碳球纤维电极具有最为优异的电化学性能;(6)采用石墨烯碳球多孔纳米层状结构纤维电极,制备柔性纤维超级电容,并测试其电化学性能,取得的了53.6 mF cm-2的优异超级电容性能。本论文通过对石墨烯的制备方法分析及其结合本实验的特点,我们采用电泳沉积法制备了基于石墨烯不同纳米结构的柔性纤维电极,对电极进行表征与测试,结合拟合数据,认为通过HI酸还原得到的具有石墨烯-碳球多孔层状纳米结构柔性纤维电极的性能最为理想,并成功的组装了柔性纤维状超级电容器。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of many subjects, such as information science, material science and textile engineering, as well as the higher and higher demand for life clothing and practical fabric, the development of electronic fabric meets this demand. The integration of textiles and electronics is an urgent task to promote and develop electronic fabrics, so it is more urgent to develop fibre-shaped electronic devices and energy storage devices. In the new century, energy shortage is impacting the global economic operation and people's daily life. The development of clean energy, which is clean and efficient, green and environmental protection, has attracted more and more people's attention. Supercapacitors are considered a revolutionary development in the field of energy storage. The development of flexible fiber energy storage devices with high energy density, power density and portability is of great significance, so flexible fiber supercapacitors will be the ideal choice. At the same time, graphene is considered as an ideal carbon based super capacitor electrode because of its excellent physical properties as a new nano-2D material. Many researchers have used graphene to produce large-capacity and efficient flat-panel super capacitors, but graphene has not yet been applied to flexible fiber supercapacitors. Based on graphene oxide, three kinds of flexible fiber electrodes based on graphene nanostructure were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. The main contents are as follows: (1) the graphene oxide (graphene oxide) with uniform size was prepared, which laid the foundation for further experiments. The advantages and disadvantages of graphene chemical reduction method and thermal reduction method in this experiment were discussed. Flexible fiber electrodes with graphene nanolayered structure were prepared by electrophoretic deposition and different graphene oxide reduction methods. By testing the electrochemical performance of the electrode, the electrode has a certain super capacitor performance. However, the stacking phenomenon of graphene layer of the electrode and the regraphitization of graphene in the process of thermal reduction affect the performance of the electrode. The graphene foam flexible fiber electrode was prepared. The electrode performance was not as good as envisaged, and the performance of the electrode could not even be compared with that of pure graphene electrode. Flexible fiber electrodes with porous layered graphene carbon spheres were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. The prepared electrode has the most excellent electrochemical performance. The above three kinds of electrodes are fitted by AC impedance spectroscopy. The experimental method and material structure are analyzed and summarized by combining the experimental data and the fitting data. The theoretical method is used to prove that the graphene carbon spheroidal fiber electrode obtained by HI reduction of graphene has the most excellent electrochemical performance. The flexible fiber supercapacitor is prepared by using graphene carbon ball porous nanolayered fiber electrode. The excellent super capacitor performance of 53.6 MF cm-2 was obtained by testing its electrochemical performance. Based on the analysis of the preparation methods of graphene and the characteristics of this experiment, flexible fiber electrodes based on different nanostructures of graphene were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. The electrodes were characterized and tested, and the fitting data were combined. It is considered that the flexible fiber electrode with graphene carbon spheroidal layered nanostructure prepared by HI acid reduction is the most ideal and the flexible fiber supercapacitor is successfully assembled.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TM53

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