玻璃材料滑动摩擦带电研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 11:15

本文选题：切向滑动面积 + 非对称接触　；参考：《兰州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：同种材料之间相互碰撞、摩擦等接触会导致物质带电。同种材料摩擦带电广泛的存在于生产、生活中,但是摩擦带电的起电机理尚不明确。本论文围绕玻璃材料滑动摩擦带电展开研究,主要工作如下：首先使用Zhou软球碰撞模型和球形颗粒碰撞空穴带电模型,计算了两球形颗粒正碰带电量,得到了与实验较为一致的结果。对不同角度下的两球斜碰切向接触面积进行计算,发现接触面积随角度变化的趋势与碰撞电量随角度的变化趋势相似。然后,利用设计的一种滑动摩擦带电实验测量装置,开展了玻璃球板滑动摩擦带电实验研究。测量不同压力、不同滑动距离以及不同滑动速度下玻璃球板摩擦后玻璃板的带电量,实验结果发现玻璃球板摩擦后玻璃板带正电、玻璃球带负电。玻璃球在玻璃板上滑动不同的距离,带电量会随着滑动距离的增加而增大,玻璃板摩擦产生的电荷会缓慢衰减。滑动相同距离,压力增大,带电量增大明显。玻璃片边界距离玻璃球位置对摩擦电会产生一定影响,摩擦带电量仍然在同一个量级上。滑动相同距离,玻璃球滑动速度增加,摩擦带电量减小。
[Abstract]:Collision of the same material, friction and other contact will lead to the material charged. Friction electrification of the same material widely exists in production and life, but the starting mechanism of friction electrification is not clear. The main work of this thesis is as follows: firstly, using Zhou soft sphere collision model and spherical particle collision hole charged model, the positive collision charge of two spherical particles is calculated. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The tangential contact area of oblique collision of two spheres at different angles is calculated. It is found that the change trend of contact area with angle is similar to that of colliding electric quantity with angle. Then, an experimental study on sliding friction of glass ball plate is carried out by using a sliding friction live measuring device designed in this paper. The electrical energy of glass ball plate after friction was measured under different pressure, different sliding distance and different sliding speed. The experimental results show that the glass plate is positively charged and the glass ball is negative after friction. When the glass ball slips at different distances on the glass plate, the electric charge will increase with the increase of the sliding distance, and the charge generated by friction on the glass plate will decrease slowly. When sliding at the same distance, the pressure increases and the electric energy increases obviously. The position of the glass edge from the glass ball has a certain effect on the friction electricity, and the energy of the friction band is still in the same order of magnitude. At the same distance, the sliding speed of glass ball increases and the power of friction band decreases.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ171.11

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