石化企业动力系统故障应急因素分析

发布时间：2018-08-06 16:07

【摘要】：近年来,世界各地各种突发事件频繁发生,给社会安定和人民生命财产安全造成了巨大威胁。在这种背景下,对突发事件进行及时有效地应急响应将有效降低所造成的损失。石化企业作为集炼油、化工和化肥生产为一体的高危行业,带来极大的发展机遇的同时,也要面对对安全环保、故障应急响应能力越来越高的要求。本课题以某石化公司动力厂为例,介绍了应急管理的发展背景、国内外应急体系建设工作的发展历程,以及动力厂所带重要装置的概况,并且从工艺、设备、安全环保等几个方面进行了风险分析,根据不同装置的工艺流程进行了事件分级。通过对各个装置工艺原理、主要互供管线、重大危险源的研究,对动力厂应急能力实施了阶段性评估,按照突发事件发展态势和过程顺序,结合事件特点,动力厂建立报警、接警报告和记录、应急机构启动、事故(件)初始评估和现场探察、工作区域的建立、现场监测、资源调配、应急状态解除和救援人员的防护等应急响应程序以应对突发事件。针对动力厂存在的火灾爆炸事故、危险化学品泄漏及中毒事故、环境污染事故、自然灾害、设备危害、公用工程故障等风险因素分析,进行事故应急处置。并根据炼厂实际工作的需求,分析该安全生产的应急预案系统的应急因素,符合该企业应急响应的需求。实际的运行表明,在使用本故障应急系统后,装置通过前期人员培训、熟练应急响应的内容,大大提高了安全生产可靠性,将事故隐患危险降至最低,提高了某石化公司应急响应能力,满足石化企业安全环保生产的需要。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a variety of emergencies occur frequently around the world, which pose a great threat to social stability and the safety of people's lives and property. In this context, timely and effective emergency response to emergencies will effectively reduce the losses. Petrochemical enterprises, as a high-risk industry which integrates refining, chemical industry and chemical fertilizer production, brings great development opportunities, but also faces higher and higher requirements for safety, environmental protection and emergency response to failures. Taking the power plant of a petrochemical company as an example, this paper introduces the development background of emergency management, the development course of emergency system construction at home and abroad, and the general situation of the important equipment brought by the power plant. Risk analysis was carried out in several aspects, such as safety and environmental protection, and event classification was carried out according to the process flow of different equipment. Through the research on the process principle of each unit, main mutual supply pipeline and major hazard source, the emergency capability of power plant is evaluated in stages. According to the development situation and process sequence of sudden events, combined with the characteristics of the incident, the power plant establishes an alarm. Emergency response procedures such as alarm report and record, emergency agency start-up, initial accident assessment and site detection, establishment of working area, site monitoring, resource allocation, emergency relief and rescue personnel protection. According to the analysis of fire and explosion accidents, dangerous chemical leakage and poisoning accidents, environmental pollution accidents, natural disasters, equipment hazards, public works failures and other risk factors in power plant, the accident emergency treatment is carried out. According to the actual work requirements of the refinery, the emergency factors of the emergency plan system for the production safety are analyzed, which meet the needs of the enterprise emergency response. The actual operation shows that after the use of the fault emergency system, the device can improve the reliability of production safety and minimize the risk of accidents by training personnel in the early stage and mastering the contents of emergency response. The emergency response ability of a petrochemical company is improved to meet the needs of petrochemical enterprises in production safety and environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：兰州理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ086;TE65

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