应用于膜蒸馏过程的PVDF中空纤维膜的制备及超疏水改性
[Abstract]:Membrane distillation is a new membrane separation technology which combines membrane technology with distillation process. It has a broad application prospect in chemical separation and concentration, seawater desalination and industrial wastewater treatment. However, up to now, the application of membrane distillation technology has not been realized on a large scale, and one of the reasons hindering its industrialization is the lack of special membrane for membrane distillation process with excellent performance. In this paper, PVDF hollow fiber membrane suitable for membrane distillation process was prepared by TIPS method, and modified by superhydrophobic method, in order to increase membrane flux and reduce membrane fouling, which laid a foundation for the development and application of membrane distillation technology. On the basis of solubility parameter rule and dielectric constant, the feasibility of preparing casting solution with DOS,DOA instead of DOP was discussed in this paper. PVDF flat membrane was prepared by using PVDF/ 纬 -BL / DOP / 纬 -BL / DOA and PVDF/ 纬 -BL / DOS as casting liquid system, and the structure and properties of the membrane were characterized. The results show that PVDF/ 纬 -BL / DOS has a double continuous structure and has the largest porosity and tensile strength. Using PVDF/ 纬 -BL / DOS as casting liquid system, nitrogen as cavity fluid and water as coagulation bath, PVDF hollow fiber membranes with excellent permeability and double continuous structure were prepared by TIPS method. The effects of different membrane preparation conditions on the structure and properties of hollow fiber membranes were discussed. The prepared hollow fiber membrane has a porosity of 84.36, a tensile strength of 6.941 MPa, and a membrane distillation flux of 77.6 kg / m ~ 2 h at 90 掳C, showing good mechanical strength and permeability. Ultrahydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membrane was prepared by using PVDF/DMAc/PG as coating solution and micronano mastoid structure coating on the surface of PVDF hollow fiber membrane by solution immersion method. The effects of different modification conditions on the structure and properties of hollow fiber membrane were studied. The surface contact angle of the superhydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membrane is 156.6 掳. A series of membrane distillation experiments were carried out with the unmodified membrane and the modified superhydrophobic membrane. The flux and properties of the hollow fiber before and after modification were compared. Although the membrane distillation flux of the modified membrane was slightly smaller than that of the original membrane at the initial stage of operation, the flux of the modified membrane decreased slowly with the extension of the running time, and showed excellent anti-wettability, anti-fouling and stability. In addition, in this thesis, MWCNT- (COOC16H31) n was used as the filler to prepare thermal conductive PVDF composite membrane. The effect of MWCNT- (COOC16H31) n content and electric field orientation on the structure and properties of the film was studied. It lays a foundation for its application in the field of heat exchanger and promotes the development of thermal conductive polymer materials.
【学位授予单位】:天津大学
【学位级别】:博士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:TQ051.893
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