南流江流域生态系统健康评价

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:37

本文关键词：南流江流域生态系统健康评价　出处：《广西师范学院》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国人口不断增加和社会经济的飞速发展,人类大规模开发利用自然资源的力度和强度已经超过了生态的承载力,导致全球及区域生态环境发生了剧烈的变化,出现了全球变暖、水污染、重金属污染、生物多样性丧失等一系列生态环境问题,这已成为阻碍人类社会社会可持续发展重要因素。因此,保护和修复生态系统环境健康成为社会研究的热点问题。本文运用选用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,选取人口密度、人口干扰指数、土地垦殖率、植被覆盖度、多样性指数、生态弹性度指数、植被净初级生产力、森林覆盖率等14个指标,采用相对评价法,并结合RS和GIS对南流江流域78个乡镇进行单因子和综合因子的生态系统健康评价并分析其原因,研究结论如下:(1)单因子评价中,人口干扰指数一级单元主要分布在流域六万大山山地丘陵地带,人类干扰较弱;人类活动干扰最剧烈的为合浦县沿海乡镇及玉州区、北流镇一带乡镇,均为五级水平;流域下游沿海乡镇、玉州区及附近乡镇生态弹性度较差,普遍位于四级及四级以下水平,生态恢复能力较差。其中,党江镇是流域唯一处于五级水平的乡镇单元;合浦县、玉州区土壤侵蚀敏感性指数较低,普遍位于三级以上。而六万大山及云开大山地带土壤最易发生侵蚀,主要受流域地形坡度的空间差异性影响。(2)综合因子评价中,压力综合指标中流域整体呈现上游玉州区与下游沿海乡镇生态压力状况较差,中游各乡镇较好的特征;状态综合指标呈现出空间总体上分散,局部集聚特点。具体为玉州区和合浦县分散,博白集聚;流域生态系统响应状况空间分布上更加分散,集聚效应较差。(3)流域生态系统健康综合状况呈现出中游及下游较好,上游及沿海地区较差的特点。具体即博白县、灵山县、合浦县北部各乡镇较玉州区、合浦县沿海各乡镇健康状况好。玉州区与合浦县生态系统健康综合状况具有空间相似性,但致变因素却有着差异性。一级乡镇有18个,占流域全部乡镇单元的23.1%,主要分布在博白县南部、浦北县、灵山及玉州辖区南部;二级乡镇有28个,占35.9%,主要分布在玉州区南部、博白县多数乡镇、合浦县北部及浦北县个别乡镇;三级乡镇有19个,占24.4%,主要分布在玉州区北、陆川县及浦北县个别地区;四级乡镇有10个,占12.8%,主要分布在玉州区中部及合浦县南部;五级乡镇有3个,占3.8%,包括北流镇、沙岗镇与党江镇。(4)通过对研究区生态系统评价,结果表明生态系统健康的状况主要与当地的地形地貌、社会经济结构及发展状况、环保投入、土地利用方式等有密切的关系。因此要提高环保意识、制定生态环保措施、规范人类社会活动等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's growing population and social economy, the large-scale exploitation and utilization of natural resources, the strength and intensity has exceeded the ecological carrying capacity, resulting in dramatic changes in the global and regional ecological environment, the global warming, water pollution, heavy metal pollution, loss of biodiversity and a series of ecological environment the problem, which has become an important factor to hinder the sustainable development of human society. Therefore, the protection and restoration of the environmental health of the ecosystem has become a hot issue in the social research. This paper uses the pressure state response (PSR) model, including population density, population disturbance index, land reclamation rate, vegetation coverage, diversity index, ecological resilience index, vegetation net primary productivity, the forest coverage rate of 14 indicators, the relative evaluation method, and the combination of ecosystem health assessment in South flow river basin 78 towns were single factor and comprehensive factor of RS and GIS and analysis of its causes, the research conclusions are as follows: (1) the single factor evaluation, population interference index level unit is mainly distributed in the basin sixty thousand mountains and hilly regions, human disturbance is weak; the most intense disturbance of human activities for the Hepu County coastal North Town and Township Township, Yuzhou District area, are five level; river downstream coastal towns, Yuzhou District and township near the ecological flexibility is poor, generally in the four level and four level below the level, ecological restoration Poor ability. Among them, the party is the only Town township units of the basin is at the five level; Hepu County, Yuzhou District soil erosion sensitivity index is relatively low, generally in grade three. While the sixty thousand mountains and Yunkaidashan areas most prone to soil erosion, mainly affected by the spatial difference of valley terrain slope. (2) the comprehensive factor evaluation, comprehensive index of pressure in whole watershed upstream and downstream coastal towns, Yuzhou District, the ecological pressure in poor condition, good characteristics of the township middle reaches; comprehensive index showing a scattered state space on the whole, the local agglomeration characteristics. The Yuzhou District and Hepu County of Bobai agglomeration; dispersion condition of the spatial distribution of more scattered response of watershed ecosystem, agglomeration effect is poor. (3) the comprehensive health status of the ecological system in the basin showed the better characteristics of the middle reaches and the lower reaches, and the poorer upstream and coastal areas. The Bobai County, Lingshan County, Hepu County, north of the township is Yuzhou District and Hepu County coastal towns good health. Yuzhou District and ecological system of Hepu County comprehensive health status with spatial similarity, but have different variable factors. A township has 18, accounting for 23.1% of all Township watershed unit, mainly distributed in the south of Bobai, Pubei County, Lingshan county and southern Yuzhou area two; township has 28, accounting for 35.9%, mainly distributed in most southern Yuzhou District, Bobai County Township, north of Hepu county and Pubei county individual towns grade three; township has 19, accounting for 24.4%, mainly distributed in Yuzhou District, North Lu Chuan county and Pubei County in some areas; four and 10, accounting for 12.8%, mainly distributed in Yuzhou District in central and southern Hepu County; grade five and 3, accounting for 3.8%, including Beiliu Town, Sha Gang the town and the town party. (4) through the evaluation of ecosystem in the study area, the results show that the health status of the ecosystem is closely related to the local topography, social and economic structure and development, environmental protection input and land use pattern. Therefore, we should improve the awareness of environmental protection, establish ecological environmental protection measures, and standardize human social activities.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X826

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