功能生物电化学系统的微生物群落研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:07

本文关键词：功能生物电化学系统的微生物群落研究　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生物电化学技术的兴起,其环境功能的拓展也越来越多。微生物作为生物电化学系统的主角,其与生物电化学系统的环境学功能有着紧密联系。本论文通过二代高通量测序平台,结合生物信息挖掘,研究功能生物电化学系统的生物膜微生物群落系统。探讨了硫酸盐去除、硝酸盐去除、铵态氮去除生物电化学系统的微生物群落。为解释功能生物电化学系统中生物学过程提供了理论基础,为进一步强化生物电化学系统的环境功能提供了理论支持。本论文主要结论如下:1.通过454焦磷酸测序平台,全面探索了硫酸盐去除生物电化学系统在不同p H条件下生物膜的群落特征。在α-多样性方面,群落丰度和多样性指数随p H增加呈正相关。在分类操作单元(OTU)分析中,与D.butyrativorans,Desulfovibrio marrakechensis和Desulfomicrobium sp.匹配的OTU可能在去除硫酸盐过程中起作用。基于属水平的分析,在碱性条件生物电化学系统中的Desulfomicrobium促进硫酸盐去除,而Sulfuricurvum则不利于硫酸盐的去除。在中性和酸性条件下,Desulfovibrio促进硫酸盐去除,而Thiomonas削弱了硫酸盐的去除效果。以上结果讨论了p H条件是如何通过改变微生物群落,从而影响生物电化学系统的硫酸盐去除效果。2.研究结果显示,小外阻的微生物燃料电池提高了硝酸盐去除效率和产电能力。基于16S r RNA基因扩增子的焦磷酸测序表明反硝化生物阴极能维持一定量的Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Chloroflexi和Planctomycetes。Alphaproteobacteria,Anaerolineae和Phycisphaerae的微生物可能有利于电流的产生和硝酸盐去除。29个主要的OTUs主导了反硝化生物膜微生物群落,并且自养反硝化菌和异养反硝化菌在生物阴极的硝酸盐去除过程中起到了重要作用,当微生物残体被异养反硝化菌利用时,其两者协同促进了反硝化过程。3.通过探索不同外阻下生物电化学系统非生物和生物去除铵态氮,研究结果显示铵态氮的非生物度电迁移与系统中电流大小正相关,电阻越小,电流越大,电迁移作用越强。阳极生物膜去除铵态氮与系统外阻成反比,高通量群落分析解析了阳极铵态氮去除生物协作群落。硝化细菌将废水中铵态氮转化为硝态氮;反硝化细菌接收电化学活性菌的电子或异养利用底物作电子供体,利用硝酸盐作电子受体,将硝酸盐转化为游离态氮;固氮微生物能将空气中游离态氮转化为含氮化合物,这将不利于生物膜群落对铵态氮的去除。电化学活性微生物促进生物膜菌群电子传递,提升了微生物氧化还原代谢的协作能力。
[Abstract]:With the rise of bioelectrochemical technology, more and more environmental functions have been expanded. As the protagonist of bioelectrochemical system, microorganism is closely related to the environmental function of bioelectrochemical system. In this paper, the two generation high - throughput sequencing platform, combined with biological information mining, was used to study the biofilm microbial community system of functional bioelectrochemical system. The microbial community of bioelectrochemical system by sulfate removal, nitrate removal and ammonium nitrogen removal was discussed. It provides a theoretical basis for explaining biological processes in functional bioelectrochemical system, and provides theoretical support for further strengthening the environmental function of bioelectrochemical system. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1., through the 454 pyrosequencing platform, we explored the community characteristics of sulfate biofilm system under different P H conditions. In alpha diversity, the community abundance and diversity index were positively correlated with the increase of P H. In the classification operation unit (OTU) analysis, OTU, which matches D.butyrativorans, Desulfovibrio marrakechensis and Desulfomicrobium sp., may play a role in the process of sulfate removal. Based on the genera level analysis, Desulfomicrobium in alkaline bioelectrochemical system promoted sulfate removal, while Sulfuricurvum was not conducive to sulfate removal. Under neutral and acidic conditions, Desulfovibrio promotes sulfate removal, while Thiomonas weakens the removal of sulfate. The above results discussed how the P H condition can affect the sulfate removal efficiency by changing the microbial community and thus affecting the sulfate removal of the bioelectrochemical system. 2. the results showed that the small external resistance microbial fuel cell increased the nitrate removal efficiency and the power production capacity. Based on pyrosequencing of 16S R RNA gene amplicon, denitrifying biocathode can maintain a certain amount of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. Microbes of Alphaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae and Phycisphaerae may be beneficial to the production of current and the removal of nitrate. The 29 main OTUs dominant denitrifying biofilm microbial community, and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria to remove nitrate in Biological Cathode played an important role in the process, when the microbial residues are heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria use, both promoted the denitrification process. 3., by exploring the biological and electrochemical removal of ammonium nitrogen under different external resistances, the results show that the abiotic electrical migration of ammonium nitrogen is positively related to the current size in the system. The smaller the resistance, the greater the current, the stronger the electromigration. The removal of ammonium nitrogen from the anodic biofilm is inversely proportional to the external resistance of the system. High throughput community analysis analyses the removal of biocooperative communities by anodic ammonium nitrogen. Nitrifying bacteria will ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen in wastewater; denitrifying bacteria receiving electrochemically active bacteria electronic or heterotrophic by substrate as electron donor to use nitrate as electron acceptors, the conversion of nitrate to free nitrogen; nitrogen fixing microorganisms in air can be free nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds, which will is not conducive to the biofilm community on the removal of ammonium nitrogen. Electrochemically active microorganisms promote the electron transfer of biofilm groups and enhance the cooperative ability of microbial redox metabolism.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O646;X703

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