模拟酸雨对大豆光合特性及产量影响的研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 12:12

本文关键词：模拟酸雨对大豆光合特性及产量影响的研究　出处：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：酸雨已成为我国最重要的的环境问题之一,并且随着工业的快速发展,酸雨污染区域不断扩大,酸雨导致的环境污染、生态环境破坏、经济损失、农作物减产等一系列问题已经非常严峻。我国是一个农业大国,酸雨对农作物的生长发育和产量的影响已经引起社会各界的广泛关注。本文采用盆栽试验研究了模拟酸雨在pH5.6(CK)、pH4.0(T_1)、pH2.4(T_2)三个水平梯度下对大豆(早熟1号)光合特性、株高及产量的影响,分析不同pH值酸雨对大豆的光合特性、株高以及产量构成要素的影响,为大气污染背景下农业生产的适应性研究提供科学依据。试验结果表明:(1)模拟酸雨对大豆不同生长阶段的光合速率均有不同程度的抑制。一方面,模拟酸雨对结荚期大豆的光合速率的影响,与CK相比,结荚期T_1、T_2两个处理下的大豆叶片净光合速率各减少了10.5%和20.3%。另一方面,酸雨胁迫对大豆各生长阶段的净光合速率影响较为明显,与CK相比,分枝期T_1、T_2两个处理下的大豆叶片净光合速率分别减少41.1%和64.3%;与CK相比,花期T_1、T_2两个处理下,大豆叶片净光合速率分别27.4%和43.7%;在大豆鼓粒期,T_1、T_2两个处理下大豆叶片净光合速率分别比CK降低26.8%和49.5%。酸雨pH值与大豆各生长阶段叶片净光合速率的相关分析表明,除了结荚期,大豆分枝期、开花期、鼓粒期的净光合速率与酸雨pH值均呈显著或极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为r=0.618**、r=0.405*和r=0.369*。(2)对于大豆叶片蒸腾速率而言,酸雨胁迫对大豆分枝期和花期的影响不明显,随着酸雨淋溶时间的持续,从大豆结荚期开始到大豆鼓粒期,酸雨胁迫对大豆叶片蒸腾速率的影响变得较为明显,并且大豆叶片蒸腾速率随着酸雨pH值的下降,受到的抑制越显著。T_1、T_2处理下大豆结荚期的叶片蒸腾速率较对照组各降低13.5%和32.9%;在大豆鼓粒期,T_1、T_2处理下大豆叶片蒸腾速率速率比CK各降低16.9%和28.0%。对酸雨在大豆不同生长阶段的大豆蒸腾速率的pH值的相关性分析发现,酸雨pH值与除大豆分枝期以外的花期、结荚期、鼓粒期叶片蒸腾速率呈显著或极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为r=0.384*、r=0.368*、r=0.505**。(3)总体来说,随着酸雨pH值的下降,大豆叶片气孔导度呈下降的趋势,但酸雨胁迫对大豆各生长阶段叶片气孔导度的影响均不明显。(4)大豆叶片水分利用率受酸雨PH影响显著,呈现正相关的响应趋势,与CK相比,T_1、T_2处理下大豆分枝期的叶片水分利用效率分别降低30.5%和46.8%;对酸不同pH值酸雨水平下大豆叶片水分利用效率的多重比较表明,酸雨胁迫对大豆花期、结荚期、鼓粒期叶片水分利用效率的影响差异不明显,对大豆分枝期叶片水分利用效率的影响差异明显。酸雨pH值与大豆各生长阶段叶片水分利用效率的相关分析也表明,酸雨pH值与大豆分枝期叶片水分利用效率呈极显著相关关系,相关系数为r=0.583**。(5)随着酸雨pH值的下降,大豆株高呈下降的变化趋势。与CK相比,T_1、T_2处理下,大豆株高分别降低了8.74%、18.8%;酸雨pH值与大豆株高的相关分析也表明,酸雨pH值与大豆株高呈显著相关关系,相关系数r=0.389*。不同pH值下大豆株多重比较表明,CK与T_2对大豆株高影响达到差异显著水平(p0.05),说明CK与T_2处理对大豆株高的影响差异较明显。(6)酸雨胁迫下,大豆产量显著降低,具体表现为大豆单株荚果数、每荚粒数、百粒重、单株产量等均呈下降的趋势。与CK相比,T_1、T_2处理下,大豆单株荚果数分别减少了22.6%、27.8%;大豆每荚粒数分别减少了8.7%、17.4%;百粒重分别减少15.9%、23.6%;单株产量分别减少27.8%、45.3%。酸雨pH值与大豆产量构成要素的相关分析也表明,酸雨pH值与大豆单株荚果数、百粒重、单株产量均呈显著或极显著相关关系,相关系数分别为r=0.474**、r=0.928**、r=0.893**。
[Abstract]:Acid rain has become one of the most important environmental problems in China. With the rapid development of industry, acid rain pollution area has been expanding. A series of problems such as environmental pollution, ecological environment damage, economic loss and crop reduction caused by acid rain have been very serious. China is a big agricultural country. The influence of acid rain on the growth and production of crops has aroused wide attention from all walks of life. Pot experiment was conducted to study the pH5.6 in simulated acid rain (CK), pH4.0 (T_1), pH2.4 (T_2) three level gradient of Soybean (Zaoshu 1) photosynthetic characteristics, effect of plant height and yield, analysis of different pH values of plant height and yield factors in the influence of acid rain on Photosynthetic Characteristics and in the light of soybean, and provide scientific basis for the study on the adaptability of agricultural production under the background of air pollution. The results showed that: (1) the simulated acid rain inhibited the photosynthetic rate of soybean at different growth stages. On the one hand, the effect of simulated acid rain on soybean photosynthetic rate, compared with CK, T_1, T_2, pod of Soybean Leaves under two different treatments, the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 10.5% and 20.3%. On the other hand, net light on acid rain stress in different growth stages of soybean photosynthetic rate is obviously affected, compared with CK, T_1, T_2 in soybean leaves branching stage under two different treatments, the net photosynthetic rate decreased by 41.1% and 64.3% respectively; compared with CK, T_1, T_2 two flowering under the treatment of soybean leaf net photosynthesis the rate of 27.4% and 43.7% respectively; in soybean grain, T_1, T_2 two under the treatment of soybean leaf net photosynthetic rate decreased by 26.8% and 49.5% respectively than CK. The pH values of acid rain and correlation analysis in different growth stages of soybean leaf net photosynthetic rate showed that, in addition to the pod stage, soybean branching stage, flowering stage and podding stage light net photosynthetic rate and pH value of acid rain were significant or highly significant positive correlation, the correlation coefficients were r=0.618**, r=0.405* and r=0.369*. (2) for soybean leaf transpiration rate, the influence of acid rain stress on soybean branching and flowering period is not obvious, with the continuous leaching time, from soybean to soybean, the influence of acid rain stress on soybean leaf transpiration rate becomes more obvious, and the soybean leaf transpiration rate decreased with the pH value of the acid rain the inhibition is more significant. T_1 and T_2 treatment period of the transpiration rate of soybean pod than the control group decreased by 13.5% and 32.9%; in soybean grain, T_1, T_2 under the treatment of soybean leaf transpiration rate decreased by 16.9% and 28% than CK. The analysis of correlation between the transpiration rate of soybean in different growth stages of soybean acid rain pH value, pH value of acid rain and except soybean branching stage flowering and podding stage, the transpiration rate of grain filling period had significant or very significant correlation, the correlation coefficients were r=0.384*, r=, 0.368*, r=0.505**. (3) overall, with the decrease of pH value of acid rain, stomatal conductance of soybean leaves showed a downward trend, but acid rain stress had no significant effect on stomatal conductance of soybean at different growth stages. (4) the water utilization rate of soybean leaves were significantly affected by acid rain PH effect, showing the response trend of positive correlation, compared with CK, T_1, T_2 treatment period of soybean leaf water decreased by 30.5% and 46.8% branches respectively in different acid utilization efficiency; pH value of water level under acid rain soybean leaves using multiple efficiency comparisons showed that acid rain stress is not obvious on the flowering and podding stage, effects of water use efficiency of leaf pod difference effect on water use efficiency of soybean leaves branching period significantly. Correlation analysis between pH value of acid rain and water use efficiency of soybean leaves at different growth stages also showed that pH value of acid rain had a significant correlation with water use efficiency of soybean branching stage, and the correlation coefficient was r=0.583**. (5) with the decrease of acid rain pH value, the height of soybean plant showed a decreasing trend. Compared with CK, the plant height of soybean decreased by 8.74% and 18.8% respectively under T_1 and T_2 treatments. The correlation analysis between pH value of acid rain and soybean plant height also showed that the pH value of acid rain had a significant correlation with soybean plant height, and the correlation coefficient r=0.389*. Multiple comparisons of soybean plants under different pH values indicated that CK and T_2 had significant difference in soybean plant height (P0.05), indicating that the effect of CK and T_2 treatment on soybean plant height was significantly different. (6) under the stress of acid rain, the yield of soybean decreased significantly, and the number of pod per plant, the number of pod per pod, the weight of 100 grain and the yield per plant were all decreasing. Compared with CK, the number of pods per plant of soybean decreased by 22.6% and 27.8% respectively under T_1 and T_2 treatments. The number of seeds per pod decreased by 8.7% and 17.4% respectively, and the 100 grain weight decreased by 15.9% and 23.6%, respectively, and the yield per plant decreased by 27.8% and 45.3% respectively. Correlation analysis between acid rain pH value and yield components of soybean also showed that pH value of acid rain had significant or extremely significant correlation with soybean pod number per plant, 100 grain weight and yield per plant, and the correlation coefficients were r=0.474**, r=0.928** and r=0.893** respectively.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S565.1;X517

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