盘锦市机动车污染现状评价、预测及防治对策研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 14:36

本文关键词：盘锦市机动车污染现状评价、预测及防治对策研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：机动车已经融入到市民的生活,但高速增加的机动车保有量,给城市带来了能源紧张、城市拥堵、出行困难和交通事故频发等一系列问题。尾气更是对城市空气环境造成了极大的破坏,影响着市民的健康,制约城市的良性发展。本论文以盘锦市为例,研究了机动车保有量的增长趋势,通过对2012年盘锦市机动车污染物的计算及排放特点分析,阐述了盘锦市机动车污染防治现行政策和采取措施,并对国内机动车排气污染控制存在的主要问题提出了建议。机动车尾气中存在一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)、固体悬浮颗粒物(PM)和铅化合物等有害成分。文中对几种危害物的主要理化性质、伤害机理以及对人体的危害方面做了说明。同时列举了国内外机动车排气污染危害事例,针对我国机动车尾气排放情况进行了分析,指出全国机动车污染物排放量现状以及机动车污染物排放量变化趋势。通过对盘锦市环境空气质量的分析、机动车保有量现状和近几年经济发展趋势的分析,得出机动车保有量增长趋势预测。按《城市机动车排放空气污染物测算方法》,以2012年盘锦市机动车污染物排放为例,通过确定排放因子及排污系数、机动车构成、年均行驶里程、年均排放系数、各种排放标准车辆数量,核算出2012年盘锦市机动车污染物排放总量,找出排放特点和规律,进而提出机动车减排的重点。叙述了盘锦市机动车污染防治现行政策和采用的标准方法、机动车尾气检测线现状。提出了机动车排气污染控制存在的主要问题与建议。问题主要有：现有的机动车排气污染管理工作的法律法规建设滞后,现有管理体制使得从新车生产源头控制机动车排气污染形同虚设,机动车排气污染控制协调机制不健全,机动车保有量高速增长使机动车减排面临着巨大的压力,机动车维修治理行业不能满足需求,对机动车油品缺乏有效监督,行业监管能力建设滞后等。对策和建议是：加强机动车排气污染防治法规建设,改变现有体制加强对新车型式核准和生产一致性检查,全面普及简易工况法尾气检测线建设,完善机动车环保检验与维修(I/M)制度,实施在用机动车环保标志分类管理,逐步淘汰高排放车辆和黄标车,扶持维修企业、治理维修乱象,加强对油品的监管、提高燃油质量,加强机动车污染防治监管能力建设,开发利用多种燃料的新型汽车等。
[Abstract]:Motor vehicles have been integrated into the lives of citizens, but the increasing number of motor vehicles has brought a series of problems, such as energy shortage, urban congestion, travel difficulties and frequent traffic accidents. The tail gas has caused great damage to the urban air environment, which affects the health of the citizens and restricts the healthy development of the city. This paper takes Panjin city as an example, studies the vehicle volume growth trend, through calculation and emission characteristics of 2012 Panjin motor vehicle pollutants analysis, elaborated the Panjin motor vehicle pollution control policy and measures, and puts forward some suggestions on the main problems existing in China's motor vehicle exhaust pollution control. There are harmful components such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), solid suspended particles (PM) and lead compounds in motor vehicle exhaust. The main physical and chemical properties, the damage mechanism and the harm to the human body are explained in this paper. At the same time, we give examples of vehicle exhaust pollution at home and abroad, and analyze the situation of vehicle exhaust emissions in China, and point out the current situation of vehicle emission and the trend of vehicle emission in China. Based on the analysis of the ambient air quality in Panjin, the status of motor vehicles and the trend of economic development in recent years, the prediction of the growth trend of motor vehicle ownership is obtained. According to the "City motor vehicle air pollutant emissions calculation method", the motor vehicle emissions in 2012 in Panjin city as an example, through the determination of emission factors and emission coefficient, vehicle structure, the average annual mileage, the annual emission coefficient and emission standard number of vehicles, accounting for the total emissions of pollutants in Panjin city in 2012 to find out the characteristics and laws of motor vehicle emissions, and put forward the key of the motor vehicle emission reduction. The current policy of prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution in Panjin, the standard method adopted and the current status of vehicle exhaust detection line are described. The main problems and suggestions for the control of motor vehicle exhaust pollution are put forward. The main problems are: the lagging of existing vehicle exhaust pollution management laws and regulations, the existing management system of the new production from the source control of vehicle exhaust pollution useless, motor vehicle exhaust pollution control coordination mechanism is not perfect, the amount of vehicle speed increase the motor vehicle emission reduction under huge pressure, motor vehicle maintenance management industry can not meet the demand. The lack of effective supervision of motor oil industry, regulatory capacity building lag. Countermeasures and suggestions: strengthen the construction of motor vehicle exhaust pollution prevention and control regulations, change the existing system to strengthen the new type approval and production consistency check, construction of universal exhaust BASM detection line, improve vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) system, the implementation of motor vehicles in use of environmental management, the phasing out high emission vehicles and yellow car, support, maintenance maintenance enterprise governance chaos, to strengthen supervision and improve the quality of fuel oil, strengthen motor vehicle pollution control and supervision ability construction, development and utilization of new cars of various fuel etc..
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X734.2

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