北京市大气污染物排放清单的建立及对雾霾天气的初步研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 01:34

本文关键词：北京市大气污染物排放清单的建立及对雾霾天气的初步研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,北京地区雾霾天气频发,已经使其成为国内雾霾污染最严重的地区之一,确定大气污染物排放对雾霾天气的影响成为研究雾霾的最主要工作之一。本文在总结分析国内外关于大气污染源排放清单的基础上,采用排放因子法,结合北京市2013年不同行业的能源消耗量,建立了北京市大气污染源排放清单。运用AERMOD扩散模型对机动车、火电厂污染物排放在北京市区范围内的扩散进行了模拟,并结合2014年北京市各监测点污染物浓度的监测结果,对雾霾天气进行了初步研究。北京市2013年大气污染物排放清单结果表明：污染物NOx、SO2、VOCs、 CO、PM10和PM2.5的排放量分别为207182.7吨、109821.1吨、235131.87吨、483710.1吨、33585.7吨和20379.0吨。机动车是NOx、VOCs、CO、PM10、PM2.5的主要排放源,其贡献率分别为42.98%、99.05%、82.73%、39.38%和53.71%。火电厂是SO2的主要排放源,占了排放总量的50.16%。通过对各监测点污染物监测结果统计分析,分析了北京市雾霾天气发生的概率,研究了各污染物的时间变化趋势和在雾霾天气下的相关性,讨论了气象因子对PM2.5浓度的影响。结果表明：冬季、春季,是雾霾发生概率较高的季节;各污染物浓度有着明显的季节变化,除O3外,所有监测的污染物在冬季浓度较高；PM2.5浓度与相对湿度成正相关,风速成负相关。在北京市大气污染物排放清单的基础上,运用AERMOD扩散模型模拟了机动车、火电厂污染物排放在北京市区范围内的扩散。结果表明：在相同气象条件下,机动车NOx、PM2.5的扩散浓度高于火电厂。火电厂和机动车所排放污染物的扩散浓度随气象条件变化而变化,并与实际监测浓度变化趋势一致。火电厂、机动车排放的部分NOx、SO2通过二次转化形成PM2.5,一次和二次PM2.5的扩散浓度之和占到监测值的25%和40%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, frequent fog and haze in Beijing, which has become one of the most serious domestic haze pollution area, atmospheric pollutant emissions impact on the haze weather has become one of the most important work of haze. This paper summarizes and analyzes the domestic and foreign on air pollutant emission inventory on the basis of the emission factor method, combined with the consumption different industries in Beijing city in 2013 energy, the establishment of Beijing City air pollutant emission inventory. Using the AERMOD diffusion model of motor vehicle, the diffusion of thermal power plant emissions in Beijing urban area were simulated, and combined with the monitoring results of pollutant concentration monitoring in Beijing city in 2014, the fog and haze were studied.
Beijing City air pollutant emission inventory in 2013 showed that SO2, VOCs, and the NOx, CO, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions were 207182.7 tons, 109821.1 tons, 235131.87 tons, 483710.1 tons, 33585.7 tons and 20379 tons. The vehicles are NOx, VOCs, CO, PM10, PM2.5 of the main emission sources, their contribution rates were 42.98%, 99.05%, 82.73%, 39.38% and 53.71%. thermal power plant is the main source of SO2 emission, accounting for the total emissions of 50.16%.
Through the monitoring results of the monitoring points of pollutants statistical analysis, analysis of the probability of occurrence of haze weather in Beijing City, and studied the change trend of the pollutant in the fog and haze and correlation, the effect of meteorological factors on the concentration of PM2.5 is discussed. Results show that: in winter, spring season, the probability of occurrence of haze is higher in each season; the concentration of pollutants have obvious seasonal changes, except for O3, all the monitoring of pollutants in the winter high concentration; the concentration of PM2.5 was positively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed are negatively correlated.
Based on the atmospheric pollutant emission inventory in Beijing City, using the vehicle simulation model of AERMOD diffusion, the diffusion of thermal power plant emissions in Beijing urban area. The results show that under the same meteorological conditions, vehicle NOx, PM2.5 higher than the diffusion concentration of thermal power plant. The power plant and the concentration of vehicle emission pollutants varies with the weather conditions change, and with the actual monitoring concentration changes. The thermal power plant, part of the NOx vehicle emissions by two, SO2 transformed into PM2.5, and a two PM2.5 concentration and monitoring value accounted for 25% and 40%.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51

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