高寒区铁路机务段污水的微生物复合处理工艺及其机理分析

发布时间：2017-12-31 10:19

本文关键词：高寒区铁路机务段污水的微生物复合处理工艺及其机理分析　出处：《兰州交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：众所周知,我国水资源虽然总量大,居于世界第六位,但是由于人口众多和分布不均以至人均水占有量不足世界人均水平的25%。21世纪以来,全球经济飞速发展,人口也在不断增多,加之人类用水的不科学和水环境污染的日益严重,全世界对淡水的需求和消耗与日俱增。水环境污染和水资源短缺是现在全世界亟待解决困扰人类生活的两个重大问题,尤其在一些人口众多,处于发展中的国家和地区尤为严重。高寒区是我国主要的淡水湖泊、河流的发源地,其地理位置特殊,对其生态环境及水资源进行研究和保护,具有非常重要的经济和社会意义。近年来,在我国西部大开发战略的带动下,尤其是青藏铁路和新藏铁路的修建,沿途产生的机务段污水也越来越多。本研究在查阅和分析大量相关资料的基础上,以地处高寒区的西宁铁路机务段产生的污水作为研究对象,通过分析污水中BOD、COD、SS、TN、TP、NH3-N、LAS、pH、石油类等污染指标,了解铁路机务段污水的污染程度和特点,采用微生物法与物理方法结合的复合处理技术,研究设计出一条适合高寒区铁路机务段污水处理的技术工艺,并进行了其中关键技术研究,达到节能减排、操作简便、高效低成本、污水循环利用的目的。本研究主要取得如下研究成果:(1)通过国标方法对污水样品中的BOD5、COD、SS、TN、TP、NH3-N、LAS、pH、石油类等污染指标进行了测定分析,获得了西宁铁路机务段污水污染状况的一手数据,了解和掌握了污水样品的污染程度和污染特点,为后续研究工作的开展提供了重要依据。(2)根据西宁铁路机务段污水的污染状况和污染特点,研究设计出了高寒区铁路机务段污水处理的工艺路线,研究确定了其中关键技术和方法的应用,并对相关参数进行了计算和设计。(3)通过微生物分离、纯化技术从采集的污泥样品和土壤样品中共得到66种微生物菌株,其中真菌25种,细菌41种。通过菌群配制研究得到4个菌群组合,并对4个菌群的污水处理效果进行了研究,结果显示,混合菌群(H3)的污水处理效果最佳。(4)开展了天然、低成本活性吸附材料对污水处理的效果研究,研究了炉渣、活性炭和石英砂的不同组合对污水的处理效果,结果显示炉渣—石英砂—活性炭组合的污水处理效果最好。(5)采用污泥驯化法进行了好氧和厌氧活性污泥驯化研究。在10℃~20℃之间在普通曝气条件下,经过36天72次的循环运行,完成好氧活性污泥的驯化,并对污泥菌群的污水处理效果及其优势菌种的组成、污水处理机理进行了研究,结果显示,该活性污泥中的优势细菌为21种,优势真菌为20种。对21种优势细菌进行了16S rDNA鉴定,其中部分优势菌种分别为:芽孢杆菌属的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),芽孢杆菌属的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),芽孢杆菌属的漠海威芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis),芽孢杆菌属的根结线虫芽孢杆菌(Bacillus toyonensis),芽孢杆菌属的地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis),芽孢杆菌属的沙福芽孢杆菌(Bacillus safensis),假单胞杆菌属的维罗纳假单胞菌(Pseudomonas veronii),肠杆菌属的霍氏肠杆菌(Enterobacter hormaechei),勒克氏菌属的非脱羧勒克菌(Leclercia adecarboxylata),并且构建了其系统发育树。分析结果表明,优势菌种的污水处理机理主要是脱氮、除磷和除油。(6)进行了实验室水平的污水放大处理及工艺组合试验研究,结果显示,污水处理后其出水指标全部达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准,其中总氮、悬浮物和氨氮达到一级A标准。有待进一步进行中试和生产规模的试验研究。综上结果表明,本项研究中采用微生物复合处理方法、技术对高寒区铁路机务段污水进行处理,处理效果良好,出水达到了国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准,能够实现节能减排、污水循环利用的目的,且操作简便、高效低成本。
[Abstract]:As everyone knows, although the total amount of water resources in China, the sixth highest in the world, but due to the large population and uneven distribution of water and per capita possession of less than the world average of 25%.21 century, the rapid development of global economy, the population is also growing, and human water is not scientific and water environmental pollution is increasingly serious, the demand of fresh water consumption in the world and grow with each passing day. Water pollution and water shortage is now all over the world to solve two major problems of human life, especially in some large population, developing countries and regions is particularly serious. In major freshwater lakes in China, the birthplace of the river, its geographical location special, to research and protect the ecological environment and water resources, has a very important economic and social significance. In recent years, in China's western development strategy driven, especially The Qinghai Tibet railway and Tibet railway, locomotive depot sewage is also more and more along the way. The basis of this study have access and analyze large amounts of data on the produced in Xining is located in railway locomotive depot wastewater as the research object, through the analysis of the sewage in BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N LAS, pH, etc., the petroleum pollution indicators, understand the railway sewage pollution degree and characteristics of composite processing technology by microbiological method and physical method combined with the design of a suitable technology for wastewater treatment in railway locomotive depot, and studied the key technology to achieve energy saving, simple operation high efficiency and low cost, and the sewage recycling. The main research results are as follows: (1) through the standard method of wastewater samples of BOD5, COD, SS, TN, TP, NH3-N, LAS, pH, such as oil pollution index Analysis of the determination, won the Xining railway depot sewage pollution situation first-hand data, understand and grasp the degree of pollution and pollution characteristics of sewage samples, provides an important basis for carrying out the follow-up research work. (2) according to the Xining railway depot sewage pollution status and pollution characteristics of design process sewage treatment in Railway locomotive depot, studied the application of the key technologies and methods, and the related parameters were calculated and designed. (3) by microbial isolation, purification from the collected sludge samples and soil samples the 66 microbial strains, including 25 species of fungi, 41 species of bacteria was 4. A study of bacterial flora composition through the preparation, and on the sewage treatment effect of 4 bacteria were studied. The results showed that the mixed bacteria (H3) sewage treatment effect is the best. (4) carried out a natural, low cost Active adsorption material for the study of the effect of sewage treatment, the slag, activated carbon and quartz sand of different combinations on the sewage treatment effect, the results indicated that the best effect of sewage treatment of slag and quartz sand activated carbon combination. (5) the sludge acclimation method of aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge acclimation between research. 10 DEG ~20 DEG in conventional aeration conditions, after 36 days of 72 cycles of operation, complete the acclimated aerobic activated sludge, and the composition of dominant species and the effect of sewage treatment sludge bacteria, wastewater treatment mechanism were studied. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the activated sludge are 21 kinds of advantage 20 kinds of fungi. 21 kinds of dominant bacteria were 16S rDNA identification, some dominant species were: Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillus thu Ringiensis), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus mojavensis Mo Haiwei), Bacillus subtilis root knot nematode (Bacillus toyonensis), Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis), Suffolk Bacillus spp. bacillus (Bacillus safensis), Verona Pseudomonas genus Pseudomonas. (Pseudomonas veronii), Enterobacter hormaechei Enterobacter spp. (Enterobacter hormaechei), leclercia adecarboxylata Lekeshi spp. (Leclercia adecarboxylata), and their phylogenetic tree was constructed. The analysis results show that the wastewater treatment mechanism of dominant bacteria is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus removal and oil removal (6) carried out. Experimental research, combined sewage treatment and process amplification laboratory level results showed that the treated sewage effluent of the indicators all meet the national "urban sewage treatment plant pollutant discharge standard" (GB18918-2002 ) the level of B, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and suspended solids reached the first level A standard. To be a pilot study on the production scale and further progress. These results suggest that microbial compound treatment method used in this study, the technology of railroad depot sewage treatment, the treatment effect is good, the effluent can meet the emission the standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant > < state (GB18918-2002) level of B standard, to achieve energy-saving emission reduction, sewage recycling, and simple operation, high efficiency and low cost.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X731

【参考文献】