4种宿根花卉对铅、镉吸收累积特性的研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 05:16

本文关键词：4种宿根花卉对铅、镉吸收累积特性的研究　出处：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：试验以百合科宿根花卉大花萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)、‘金娃娃’萱草(Hemerocallis×hybrida‘stella deoro’)、‘甜心’玉簪(Hosta‘so sweet’)、东北玉簪(Hosta ensata)为材料,研究了在Pb浓度为600mg/kg、Cd浓度为40mg/kg的处理下,随着植物体内Pd、Cd的积累,不同时期4种花卉生理生长的响应;并利用隶属函数法对4种花卉的抗性能力进行综合评定;采用时间动力学方法,研究4种花卉对Pd、Cd的吸收特征;结合差速离心法和化学试剂逐步提取法,研究Pd、Cd在4种花卉地上地下部分中的亚细胞分布特征和化学结合形态。探讨在Pd、Cd胁迫下4种花卉的忍耐和解毒机理,旨在为城市污染土壤选择绿化植物及其应用提供参考。研究结果如下:(1)4种花卉在Pd、Cd处理下的株高除东北玉簪随处理时间的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势外,其他3种一直增加;随着植株体内Pd、Cd的积累,根长增加的速度明显减小,且处理的根系长度基本都比对照低;4种宿根花卉的根冠比随着Pb、Cd处理时间增加,大体上先升高后下降。即Pd、Cd在4种花卉体内积累到一定程度时会对它们的生长发育造成不良影响。(2)在Pb处理0~16d内,4种宿根花卉的叶绿素含量均有所增加,随着处理时间的延长,叶绿素含量开始下降,也就是短时间的Pb处理对植物叶绿素的合成表现出促进作用;随着Cd胁迫时间的延长,4种花卉表现出的叶绿素含量变化规律不明显。4种花卉在Pb、Cd处理下的叶绿素含量在第64d时均比第1d时明显降低,且减小幅度最小是甜心玉簪,即其抗Pd、Cd胁迫能力最强。(3)随着Pb处理时间的延长,4种植物的SOD酶活性大体上呈先减少后升高的变化趋势,POD活性均表现出先升后降的变化趋势;随着Cd处理时间的增加,除东北玉簪的POD、SOD活性一直下降且比第1d小外,其他3种均先升高后下降,最后都比第1d高。在不同Cd处理下,不同植株的POD、SOD活性变化幅度不同。(4)利用隶属函数法进行综合评价得出4种花卉Pb、Cd抗性由强到弱依次为‘甜心’玉簪、‘金娃娃’萱草、大花萱草、东北玉簪。4种植物体内的重金属含量进行比较后发现:Pb积累能力为东北玉簪‘甜心’玉簪大花萱草‘金娃娃’萱草;Cd积累能力为东北玉簪‘甜心’玉簪‘金娃娃’萱草大花萱草。从4种花卉对Pb、Cd的抗性和Pb、Cd含量可以看出:‘甜心’玉簪是重金属Pb、Cd的高积累、高耐性植物,东北玉簪是重金属Pb、Cd的高积累、低耐性植物。两者都是修复重金属污染土壤的最佳观赏花卉。(5)0-40d处理内,4种宿根花卉地下部分Pb、Cd含量总体高于地上部分,且随Pb、Cd处理时间的延长,4种植株在Pb、Cd的吸收过程中均出现一个最大值。但是4种花卉对Pb、Cd吸收达到最大值的时间有一定的差异。随着Pb处理时间的增加,‘甜心’玉簪和大花萱草对Pb的转运系数显著减小;‘金娃娃’萱草和东北玉簪对Pb的转运系数呈先升高后降低的趋势;随着Cd处理时间的延长,4种花卉对Cd的转运系数均减小。(6)Pb在4种花卉地上、地下部分亚细胞分布特征满足:液泡及细胞可溶性部分细胞壁及其残渣部分细胞膜及细胞器部分;Cd在地上地下部分亚细胞分布特征为:细胞壁及其残渣部分细胞膜及细胞器部分液泡及细胞可溶性部分,4种花卉地上、地下部分Pb的重要结合部位液泡及细胞可溶性部分所占比例为42.91%~66.56%;Cd的重要结合部位是细胞壁及其残渣部分为所占比例48.64%~91.25%。(7)从Pb化学形态分布特征看:大花萱草地上地下部分各化学形态Pb含量大小为PbHCPbNaClPbWPbEPbHAcPbr;‘金娃娃’萱草地上地下部分Pb含量大小为PbHCPbHAcPbNaClPbWPbEPbr;‘甜心’玉簪和东北玉簪地上地下部分各化学形态Pb含量大小为PbHClPbWPbEPbNaClPbHAcPbr。大花萱草、‘金娃娃’萱草、‘甜心’玉簪、东北玉簪地上地下部分各化学形态中均是PbHCl所占百分比最高,分别53.59%和61.22%、42.82%和42.67%、44.95%和49.54%、56.45%和37.17。(8)从Cd的化学形态分布特征看:大花萱草、‘金娃娃’萱草、东北玉簪地上地下部分不同化学形态Cd含量由大到小为CdECdNaClCdWCdHAcCdHClCdr;‘甜心’玉簪地上地下部分Cd含量大小为CdECdWCdNaClCdHAcCdHClCdr。
[Abstract]:In order to test the Liliaceae perennial flower Hemerocallis middendorfii (Hemerocallis fulva), Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro (Hemerocallis * hybrida 'Stella deoro'), 'honey' (Hosta 'so sweet' Hosta), Hosta (Hosta ensata) in Northeast China as materials, studied at the concentration of Pb was 600mg/ kg, the concentration of Cd was 40mg/kg under the treatment with Pd in plants, the accumulation of Cd in different periods, 4 kinds of flower growth and physiological response; using the method of membership function ability resistance to 4 kinds of flowers of comprehensive evaluation; the time dynamics method study of 4 kinds of flowers on the Pd, Cd absorption characteristics; combined with differential centrifugation and chemical reagents gradually study on the extraction method, Pd, Cd in 4 kinds of flowers on the subcellular characteristics and chemical distribution in the underground part forms. On Pd, Cd stress tolerance and detoxification mechanism of 4 kinds of flowers, in order to provide reference for the selection of greening plants in city polluted soil and its application The test results are as follows: (1) 4 kinds of flowers in the Pd, Cd treatment plant was first increased and then decreased with increase in the northeast of Hosta processing time, the other 3 have been increased; with the accumulation of Pd in plants, Cd, root length increased the root length and velocity decrease significantly. The basic treatment was lower than the control; 4 kinds of perennial flowers in the root shoot ratio with Pb, Cd increased processing time substantially increased first and then decreased. Pd, accumulated to a certain degree of Cd in 4 kinds of flowers will be in their growth on the development of adverse effects. (2) in the Pb 0~16d, the increased the chlorophyll content of 4 perennial flowers, with the prolonging of treatment time, the chlorophyll content began to decrease, which is Pb short treatment time on plant chlorophyll synthesis showed a promotion effect; with the prolonging of Cd stress time, regularity of chlorophyll content changes of flower show 4 is not obvious .4 flowers in Pb, the chlorophyll content under Cd treatment at 64D were higher than 1D significantly decreased, and the decrease amplitude of the smallest is honey Hosta, its anti Pd, Cd stress had the strongest ability. (3) with the Pb treatment time, SOD activity of 4 species was decreased substantially after the trend of high rise, the trend of POD activity showed first increased and then decreased; with the increase of Cd processing time, in addition to the northeast of Hosta POD, SOD activity was decreased and the ratio of the 1D, the other 3 were first increased and then decreased, finally is 1D high. In different Cd treatment under different plant POD, the changes of SOD activity in different ranges. (4) using the membership function method for comprehensive evaluation of the 4 kinds of flowers Pb, Cd resistance from strong to weak as' honey 'Hosta, Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro, Hemerocallis middendorfii, heavy metal content of Hosta.4 planting objects within the Northeast were compared found: Pb accumulation ability As a "sweetheart" northeast Hosta Hosta Hemerocallis Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro; Cd accumulation ability for the Northeast 'honey' Hosta Hosta Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro Hemerocallis middendorfii. From the 4 kinds of flowers on the Pb, the resistance of Cd and Pb, Cd content can be seen: "honey" jade is high accumulation of heavy metals of Pb, Cd the high tolerance of plants, the Northeast jade is high accumulation of heavy metals of Pb, Cd, low tolerance of plants. Both are the best ornamental flower in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. (5) 0-40d, 4 kinds of perennial flowers in underground part of Pb, the content of Cd is higher than that of the ground part, and with Pb, Cd treatment time the 4 plant in Pb, one of the largest values appeared in the absorption process of Cd. But the 4 kinds of flowers on the Pb, Cd absorption peak time is different. With the increase of Pb treatment time, the transfer coefficient of honey 'Hosta and Hemerocallis middendorfii of Pb significantly decreased; "gold dolls. The transfer coefficient of Hemerocallis and northeast of Pb Hosta first increased and then decreased; with the increase of the Cd treatment time, the transfer coefficient of 4 kinds of flowers of Cd were decreased. (6) Pb in 4 kinds of flowers on the ground and underground parts meet the subcellular distribution of vacuoles and cell: soluble portion of the cell wall and cell residue the membrane and organelle part; Cd on the underground part of subcellular distribution of cell wall and its residue as part of the cell membrane and organelle vacuole and cell soluble part part, 4 kinds of flowers on the ground, the underground part of the Pb binding site of important vacuoles and cell soluble part of the proportion of 42.91%~66.56%; the important binding site of Cd is the cell wall and the residue for the proportion of 48.64%~91.25%. (7) from Pb chemical speciation: Flower Xuan grass on the underground part of the chemical forms of Pb in the size of PbHCPbNaClPbWPbEPbHAcPbr; " The doll 'Xuan grass underground part Pb in the size of PbHCPbHAcPbNaClPbWPbEPbr;' honey 'Hosta and Hosta plantaginea Aschers underground on the ground part of each chemical forms of Pb content size PbHClPbWPbEPbNaClPbHAcPbr. of Hemerocallis middendorfii, Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro, "sweetheart" Hosta, northeast jade hairpin on the underground part of the chemical form are the percentage of PbHCl the highest, respectively 53.59% and 61.22%, 42.82% and 42.67%, 44.95% and 49.54%, 56.45% and 37.17. (8) from Cd chemical speciation: Hemerocallis middendorfii, Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro, the northeast part of the two different chemical forms of Cd content from large to small CdECdNaClCdWCdHAcCdHClCdr; "sweetheart" on Hosta the underground part of Cd content of size CdECdWCdNaClCdHAcCdHClCdr.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S682.1;X173

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