陕西省环境质量状况分析

发布时间：2018-01-01 17:00

本文关键词：陕西省环境质量状况分析　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文在研究了环境质量分析所采用的理论与研究方法,详述陕西省的背景条件的基础上分别对于陕西省大气环境、水环境、环境噪声三大类环境情况进行分析。大气环境方面:研究了大气环境评价的概念、目的、主要内容、主要的大气环境污染物,进行基于模糊综合评价法的陕西大气质量评价的工作研究,获得陕西省大气质量在年际间的变化趋势,以及三大污染物对于环境情况的权重。同时,在空间上与年际间对陕西省十市一区进行对比分析。水环境方面:对水质监测技术进行概述,分析了陕西省水质状况、各河流的水质状况、饮用水水源地水质状况,把握陕西省水环境在年际间变化规律,以及从空间上进行几大主要河流之间的比较,以及河流自身年际间的变化情况,并对陕西省地表水主要污染物分析,获取对污染贡献率最大的污染因子。环境噪声方面:对于噪声的基础概念和环境噪声功能区的划分进行阐述,分析陕西省年际间的声环境状况以及功能区环境噪声超标情况,对环境噪声年际间的数据进行模糊评价,得出陕西省环境噪声的治理状况,为后续环境噪声的控制与治理提供可靠的科学根据。结合陕西省大气环境、水环境、环境噪声三大方面的分析,获得陕西省环境状况的总体分析,结合每一类别环境分析时掌握的主要污染源,有针对性地提出合理化的环境预防和治理建议,并结合当前经济、政策、技术形势,提出总体上的合理化建议。根据对陕西省环境状况的分析,可以掌握到:全省环境空气质量保持稳定,陕西省大气中的主要污染物PM10对大气污染的贡献率是最大的,研究表明,燃煤排放与扬尘是陕西省PM10的首要污染源。陕西省进行大气环境污染预防与治理的时候,着重针对PM10的来源及特性进行研究,应当针对燃煤排放进行有效地治理。陕西省水环境方面,6条主要河流水质继续稳中趋好,渭河的治理工作进展顺利,污染状况得到控制,治理优化工作也取得了成果。陕西省的饮用水水源地的水质状况非常好。几大主要污染物中,石油类的污染分担率是最大的,进行水环境治理时应当重点考虑石油类污染物的源头控制,和针对石油类污染采取技术促进其分解。陕西省环境噪声方面的状况较好,在开展环境噪声预防和治理工作的时候,还可以有针对性地加以改善,采取措施开展环境保护工作,取得更好的效果。
[Abstract]:On the basis of studying the theory and research methods of environmental quality analysis and describing the background conditions of Shaanxi Province, this paper respectively deals with the atmospheric environment and water environment of Shaanxi Province. Environmental noise analysis of three categories of environmental conditions. Atmospheric environment: atmospheric environmental assessment of the concept, purpose, main content, the main atmospheric environmental pollutants. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this paper studies the atmospheric quality evaluation of Shaanxi Province, and obtains the variation trend of the air quality in Shaanxi province between years, and the weight of the three pollutants to the environment. At the same time. In the space and interannual comparative analysis of ten cities and one district in Shaanxi Province. Water environment: water quality monitoring technology is summarized, analysis of water quality in Shaanxi Province, the water quality of each river. The water quality of drinking water source area, the law of water environment change in Shaanxi province between years, the comparison of several major rivers in space, and the changes of rivers themselves among different years. The main pollutants of surface water in Shaanxi Province are analyzed to obtain the pollution factors which contribute the most to the pollution rate. Environmental noise: the basic concept of noise and the division of environmental noise functional areas are expounded. This paper analyzes the situation of sound environment in Shaanxi Province and the situation of environmental noise exceeding the standard in the functional area, and carries on fuzzy evaluation to the data between years of environmental noise, and obtains the condition of environmental noise control in Shaanxi Province. This paper provides a reliable scientific basis for the control and control of environmental noise in Shaanxi Province. Combined with the analysis of three aspects of atmospheric environment, water environment and environmental noise in Shaanxi Province, the overall analysis of the environmental situation in Shaanxi Province is obtained. Combined with the main pollution sources in each category of environmental analysis, the rational environmental prevention and control suggestions are put forward, and combined with the current economic, policy, and technical situation. According to the analysis of the environmental situation in Shaanxi Province, it can be understood that the environmental air quality of the whole province remains stable. The contribution rate of PM10 to air pollution is the largest in Shaanxi Province, the research shows. Coal combustion emission and dust is the primary pollution source of PM10 in Shaanxi Province. When Shaanxi Province carries on the prevention and control of air pollution, it focuses on the source and characteristics of PM10. The water quality of 6 main rivers in Shaanxi Province continues to stabilize and improve. The treatment of Weihe River is progressing smoothly and the pollution situation is under control. The water quality of drinking water sources in Shaanxi Province is very good. Among the major pollutants, petroleum pollution sharing rate is the largest. The source control of petroleum pollutants and the technology to promote the decomposition of petroleum pollution should be considered in the process of water environment treatment. The environmental noise in Shaanxi Province is better. In carrying out the work of environmental noise prevention and control, we can also improve it, take measures to carry out environmental protection, and achieve better results.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X821

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