兰州市生活垃圾分类方案及典型有机组分厌氧消化实验研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 15:27

本文关键词：兰州市生活垃圾分类方案及典型有机组分厌氧消化实验研究　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来城市生活垃圾急剧增长,一些城市已经面临着“垃圾围城”的困境。传统的垃圾混合收集简单填埋的处理方式已经不能满足环境保护的要求,其弊端正在越来越多的凸显。生活垃圾分类收集是实现垃圾减量化、资源化和无害化最行之有效的措施,被认为是破解垃圾围城难题的最佳选择,也必将成为固体废物管理的必然选择。垃圾分类收集在推广实施中遇到了一些因素的制约,本文依托兰州市科学技术局《基于“3R”原则的垃圾资源化技术及应用研究》项目基金,对兰州市生活垃圾分类收集方式和资源化处理方式做了研究。主要研究内容及结论有:(1)通过文献调查分析、数学建模和实地取样分析等方法,预测了兰州市生活垃圾产量,确定了兰州市生活垃圾物理组分和典型有机组分比例。时间序列法和灰色模型GM(1,1)预测结果非常一致,到2025年兰州市生活垃圾达到148~150万吨;生活垃圾中有机组分和可回收垃圾比重有所升高,届时有机垃圾排放达到54.57万吨,具有较高回收价值的纸类、塑料橡胶类和金属类分别达到14.55万吨、17.01万吨和0.345万吨,具有较高的分类回收再利用价值。(2)通过问卷调查充分了解兰州市居民环保意识、垃圾分类理解支持程度、垃圾费用支付意愿等,为兰州市合理的垃圾分类方案设计提供有益的参考。(3)提出了垃圾“足额收费-积分返还”制度,并规划了兰州市生活垃圾分类收集实施方案。方案以垃圾“足额收费-积分返还”制度为核心,讨论了垃圾分类原则、收费制度、分类垃圾评价方式和计分返还方式等关键问题。(4)对垃圾分类方案做了经济成本-效益分析,垃圾分类方案经济可行,效益十分可观。每年通过“分类+机械分拣”可回收垃圾,直接出售可获利32916.81万元(不计收集和运输成本);厨余类垃圾堆肥处理可获利1601万元;因分类垃圾分流全年至少节约填埋处理费用2907.5万元。分类方案实施每年可节约垃圾处理费11191.3万元;直接创造利润15828.5万元;间接社会效益、环境效益十分明显。(5)为解决垃圾分类后的出路问题,提出以厌氧消化技术资源化处理厨余类易腐有机垃圾。批式厌氧消化实验研究了典型有机组分产气潜能和消化特性,得到兰州市生活垃圾典型有机组分产气潜能为310ml/g(以TS计)和531ml/g(以VS计),具有较高的资源化价值;原料碳氮比适中,氨氮浓度最大在1500mg/l左右;典型有机组分属易降解类,容易造成系统酸化,厌氧消化要选择合适的有机负荷和pH值控制。(6)进料TS浓度分别为15%、20%、25%和30%四个水平的高固体厌氧消化实验中,都出现了较长时间的酸化抑制阶段,并且进料TS浓度越大,酸化抑制越加严重,恢复越加困难;经过调解系统pH后TS为15%和20%的控制进入稳定运行,获得了2775ml/L·d和813 ml/L·d的最大产气效率,60天单位反应器累计产气量分别为29000ml/L和14800ml/L;进料固体浓度TS在15%~20%之间,选择合适的接种量和适当的pH控制,厌氧消化资源化效果明显。(7)接种量影响厌氧消化产气实验表明,接种量70%的消化系统没有出现酸化抑制现象,消化周期几乎缩短一半;接种量50%和60%的消化反应在有机物大量降解VFAs累积上升时期,需要过石灰水调节pH值才能顺利完成厌氧消化全过程反应;接种30%和40%的消化反应,一旦停止调节pH值就会严重酸化导致消化失败。为保证反应器处理效率和消化产气效率,接种量50%(质量比)为宜。(8)提高批式厌氧消化反应器产气效率实验中,四种不同操作条件,二次接种操作效果最为明显。单位反应器日均最大产气量3090ml/L,最大累计产气量35860 ml/L,单位物料累积产气量520ml/g·vs几乎达到实验5.3得到的原料产气潜能值;第25日左右进入连续产气阶段,消化周期缩短到50日以内。添加膨润土的Ⅱ号和添加凹凸棒的Ⅲ号在吸附H+离子、缓冲p H值方面没有表现出期望的效果;但跟Ⅰ号比较,并没有合适的pH值控制优势,却率先进入了产气阶段。这可能是矿物质的添加为产甲烷菌生长繁殖提供了附着点,一定程度上促进了甲烷菌繁殖数量。但这一促进这作用机理并不十分清楚,需要进一步实验验证。
[Abstract]:City garbage has rapidly increased in recent years, some city has faced difficulties junk fortress besieged. Treatment of garbage mixed collection of traditional simple landfill has been unable to meet the requirements of environmental protection, highlighting its shortcomings are more and more. The classification of living garbage collection is to achieve waste reduction, recycling and harmless to the most effective measures, is considered to be the best choice in solving the problem of garbage siege, will become the inevitable choice of solid waste management. Garbage collection encountered in the promotion of the implementation of a number of factors, based on the Lanzhou Municipal Bureau of science and technology "based on the" 3R "principle of Resourcilization Technology and Application Research" project funds, in Lanzhou city life garbage collection and resource processing mode are studied. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) through the literature analysis, mathematical modeling Field sampling and analysis methods, the prediction of MSW output in Lanzhou City, the typical ratio of unit physical group life and waste in Lanzhou city are determined. Time series method and the grey model GM (1,1) is very consistent with the predicted results, to the living garbage in Lanzhou city in 2025 reached 148~150 million tons of garbage in a unit; and Recyclable garbage proportion increased, then the organic waste emissions reached 545 thousand and 700 tons, has a high value of recycling paper, plastic rubber and metal reached 145 thousand and 500 tons, 170 thousand and 100 tons and 3 thousand and 450 tons, classified recovery has high recycling value. (2) through the questionnaire survey of Lanzhou city residents to fully understand the environmental awareness of garbage understand the classification level of support, garbage fees willingness to pay, provide a useful reference for the design of Lanzhou city garbage classification scheme reasonable. (3) proposed the "full charge - Garbage points returned" System, and the planning of domestic waste sorting collection in Lanzhou implementation plan. Plan to refuse full charge - integral return "system as the core, discusses the garbage classification principle, charging system, the key problems of garbage classification evaluation and scoring return mode. (4) the garbage classification program made economic analysis of cost-effectiveness. Garbage classification scheme is feasible and benefit is very considerable. Each year through the" classification + mechanical sorting "Recyclable garbage, direct sale profit of 329 million 168 thousand and 100 yuan (excluding the collection and transportation costs); kitchen waste compost can profit 16 million 10 thousand yuan; for garbage landfill diversion annual savings of at least the cost of 29 million 75 thousand yuan. The implementation of the annual savings waste disposal fees 111 million 913 thousand yuan classification; 158 million 285 thousand yuan to create profits directly; indirect social benefits, environmental benefits are very obvious. (5) to solve the garbage outlet after ask Questions, proposed to the anaerobic digestion technology resource processing kitchen perishable organic waste. Batch anaerobic digestion experiments of typical organic components of gas potential and digestion characteristics, obtained the MSW in Lanzhou typical organic components of gas potential of 310ml/g (TS) and 531ml/g (VS), resource the value is higher than moderate; carbon nitrogen material, ammonia concentration maximum at about 1500mg/l; the typical units belong to easy degradation, easy to cause acidification, organic loading and pH anaerobic digestion to choose the appropriate control value. (6) the feed concentration of TS were 15%, 20%, and 25% high solid anaerobic digestion experiment 30% to four level, there are longer acidification inhibition, and feed TS concentration, acid suppression has become increasingly serious, more and more difficult to recover; after mediation system pH control TS was 15% and 20% in stable operation, access to the 2775ml/L D 813 ml/L - D and the maximum efficiency of gas production, 60 days cumulative gas production unit reactor were 29000ml/L and 14800ml/L; the feed solids concentration of TS in 15%~20%, select the appropriate amount of inoculation and proper pH control, anaerobic digestion resource effect. (7) effects of inoculation quantity of anaerobic digestion experiment the digestive system, 70% inoculation quantity does not inhibit acidification phenomenon, digestion period almost halved; digestion inoculation amount of 50% and 60% of the cumulative increase in the period of a lot of organic matter degradation of VFAs, need lime water to adjust the pH value to the successful completion of the whole process of anaerobic digestion reaction; digestion inoculation of 30% and 40%, once the stop adjustment the value of pH will lead to digestive failure serious acidification. To guarantee the reaction efficiency and digestion efficiency of gas production for treatment, inoculation amount 50% (mass ratio) is appropriate. (8) improve the batch anaerobic digestion reactor gas production efficiency in the experiment, four Under different operating conditions, the two vaccination operation is the best effect. The average daily maximum gas production unit reactor 3090ml/L, the maximum cumulative gas production of 35860 units ml/L, 520ml/g and vs materials, the cumulative gas production reached almost 5.3 experiments obtained from raw gas potential value; about twenty-fifth days into the continuous gas production stage, digestion period is shortened to 50 days. Adding bentonite II and adding attapulgite III in the adsorption of H+ ions, P buffer H value did not show the expected effect; but with 1, and there is no suitable pH value control advantages, is the first to enter the gas phase. This may be added for minerals methanogenic bacteria growth and reproduction provides a point of attachment to a certain extent, promote the methane bacteria populations. But this promote this mechanism is not very clear, the need for further experiments.

【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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