基于GIS的大沙河水库水污染控制研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 19:30

本文关键词：基于GIS的大沙河水库水污染控制研究　出处：《五邑大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大沙河水库是开平市的主要饮用水源,肩负着开平市区及大沙河水库供水工程输水管道沿线村镇共约38万人的生活用水。近年来由于大沙河水库周边人类生活、生产经营活动日益频繁,水库库区以及集雨区范围内化肥农药用量增加,大型禽畜养殖场陆续出现,污染物随地表径流直接排入水库,导致水库水质出现富营养化趋势等问题,影响供水安全。本论文以地理信息系统(GIS)和地表水模拟软件(SMS)为基础,对大沙河水库水污染控制进行研究,主要研究内容和结论如下:1)利用ArcGIS建立大沙河水库范围内的地理空间数据库。利用GIS建立的地理空间数据库对大沙河水库周边地形、水系、排污口、监测点和污染分布数据进行直观地展现,能够对200米范围和集雨区范围内的污染源进行查询和管理。2)运用二维水动力模型RMA2和二维水质模型RMA4,对大沙河水库水质进行模拟仿真研究。通过敏感性分析、合理性分析等方法,率定了水库水动力和水质模型参数,建立了适用于大沙河水库的水质模型,该模型能够很好地模拟大沙河水库不同水文情势下污染物输移、扩散规律。3)以水质模拟得出的入库污染物浓度-取水口水质响应关系为基础,利用ArcGIS的二次开发,建立大沙河水库的水质模拟分析系统和预警系统。运用RMA2和RMA4对环境污染事件进行直观准确的追踪,分析突发性水污染事件对大沙河水库取水口水质影响范围、影响程度、持续时间等,为大沙河水库的水质预警、保证供水安全提供了科学依据。4)运用水质模型,计算出各入库支流污染物最大允许排放浓度和负荷总量。以枯水期时总氮浓度为例,计算出各入库支流的最大负荷浓度,并按比例赋给不同支流以不同的最大允许排放浓度:沃江河总氮最大允许排放浓度为1.595 mg/L,富食河0.735 mg/L,双石河1.1375 mg/L,大沙河1.25 mg/L。计算了枯水期总氮最大负荷量:沃江河总氮最大负荷量为135.052kg/d、富食河为46.993 kg/d、双石河为97.297 kg/d、大沙河为354.24 kg/d。并计算了枯水期、丰水期各支流不同污染物的最大允许排放浓度与负荷总量,为污染物削减措施提供了依据。由最大允许排放浓度可知:枯水期时,同一污染物负荷浓度最大的是沃江河,双石河、大沙河次之,富食河负荷浓度最小。丰水期时,沃江河污染物负荷浓度最大,富食河、双石河、大沙河污染负荷浓度相近。由负荷总量可知:丰水期时各入库支流污染物负荷量比枯水期时大,全年污染物排放量保持不变的情况下,枯水期水质比丰水期时差。其中,富食河污染物负荷能力最差,为保证取水口水质安全,富食河允许排放的污染物最少,大沙河能够排放的污染物最多。5)运用水质模型计算出各入库支流污染物的削减量。为了保证大沙河水库取水口水质达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)II类水标准,根据水质模拟结果比对各入库支流污染物的监测数据,对各支流的入库污染物(总氮)进行削减。
[Abstract]:Shahe reservoir is the main source of drinking water in Kaiping, shouldering the villages along the pipeline of water supply engineering in Kaiping and the greater Shahe reservoir a total of about 380 thousand people living water. In recent years due to the large Shahe reservoir surrounding human life, production and business activities have become increasingly frequent, the reservoir and the rain collecting range increased the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide, large livestock farms have appeared, the pollutants in surface runoff directly into the reservoir, the reservoir water quality problems lead to eutrophication, affecting the water supply safety. In this paper, geographic information system (GIS) and surface water simulation software (SMS) based on Shahe reservoir water pollution control research, the main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1) using ArcGIS to establish the Shahe reservoir within the scope of the geospatial database. Using GIS to establish the spatial database of Shahe river reservoir surrounding shape, sewage The mouth, to intuitively show the monitoring points and the distribution of pollution data, be able to query and management of the.2 range of 200 meters and set pollution source rain range) using two-dimensional hydrodynamic model RMA2 and two-dimensional water quality model RMA4 simulation, research on the water quality of Shahe reservoir. Through sensitivity analysis, rationality analysis and other methods, the rate of the reservoir water power and the parameters of water quality model, water quality model is established in the Shahe reservoir, the model can well simulate the Shahe reservoir under different hydrological regimes of pollutant diffusion,.3) that the pollutant in water intake water quality concentration response relationship is based on water quality simulation, using ArcGIS two development the water quality of Shahe reservoir, a large simulation system and early warning system. The use of RMA2 and RMA4 are intuitive and accurate tracking of environmental pollution incidents, analysis of sudden water pollution. The Shahe reservoir water quality influence scope, extent, duration, for Shahe reservoir water quality early warning, provide a scientific basis to ensure the safety of water supply) using.4 water quality model, calculate the input tributaries maximum pollutant emission concentration and total amount of load. When the total nitrogen concentration in the dry season as an example. Calculate the concentration of the maximum load input tributaries, according to the proportion and assigned to different branches with different maximum allowable emission concentration: Wo River total nitrogen the maximum allowable emission concentration of 1.595 mg/L, 0.735 mg/L rich food River, double stone river 1.1375 mg/L, Shahe 1.25 mg/L. calculated the total nitrogen in dry season maximum load: Wo the largest river total nitrogen load 135.052kg/d, rich food river is 46.993 kg/d, 97.297 kg/d double stone river, Shahe is 354.24 kg/d. and the dry season was calculated, the maximum allowable emission concentration and the tributary water period of different pollutants The total load, and provides a basis for pollutant reduction measures. The maximum allowable emission concentration showed that the dry season, the same concentration of pollutant load is the most fertile river, double stone river, the Shahe times, the rich food concentration. The minimum load river water period, wo River pollutant load of the largest concentration of rich food River double, stone river, Shahe pollution load. The total load by similar concentration showed that the wet period of each storage tributary pollutant load than during the dry season, the annual emissions remain unchanged, the water quality in dry season than the wet season time. Among them, the rich food pollutant load capacity for the worst. To ensure the safety of water quality near the river, rich food pollutant emissions permits at least, pollutants emissions to Shahe up to.5) by a water quality model to calculate the amount of pollutant reduction in tributaries. In order to ensure Dasha River reservoir water quality to achieve. Surface water environmental quality standard > (GB3838-2002) II type water standard. According to the simulated data of water quality, the pollutants in the tributaries of each branch were monitored, and the total pollutants in the tributaries were cut down.

【学位授予单位】：五邑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X524

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