风积沙区超大工作面开采生态环境破坏过程与恢复对策

发布时间：2018-01-09 23:28

本文关键词：风积沙区超大工作面开采生态环境破坏过程与恢复对策　出处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：风积沙区超大工作面开采具有所处生态环境脆弱、开采强度大等显著特点,由此引起的生态环境损伤不同于传统开采方法或高强度开采在东部矿山引起的生态环境损伤特征。将风积沙区超大工作面开采生态环境破坏过程划分为岩层破断、地表沉降、地表动植物生境变化与土地利用变化以及矿区生态系统随时间推移演替等4个过程;分析了风沙区超大工作面开采后地裂缝、土壤水、地下水位、植被覆盖与生物多样性等关键生态环境要素的变化规律;提出风积沙区生态环境恢复的对策应是保护与修复并举、自我恢复和人工修复并重,具体需要结合生态环境要素的受损伤程度及生态修复目标确定生态恢复对策。
[Abstract]:Aeolian sand mining has large ecological environment is fragile, mining intensity and other characteristics, the ecological environment caused by the injury is different from the traditional mining methods or high intensity mining ecological environment damage caused by mines in Eastern characteristics. The aeolian sand large mining ecological environment destruction process is divided into strata breaking. The surface subsidence, surface of plant and animal habitat change and land use change and ecological system with time succession process of 4; analysis of the sandy area of super large working face after mining ground fissures, soil water, groundwater level, variation of vegetation coverage and key ecological environment of biological diversity and other factors; put forward the countermeasure of Aeolian ecological restoration in the environmental protection and restoration should be simultaneously, both self recovery and artificial restoration, the specific needs of the degree of injury and ecological restoration by combining the elements of ecological environment Objective to determine the ecological restoration strategy.

【作者单位】：中国矿业大学国土资源研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金煤炭联合基金项目(U1361214) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2103CB227904)
【分类号】：X171.4
【正文快照】： 为保障能源供应,我国煤炭开采重心已经转移至西部地区[1]。2013年内蒙古、山西、陕西继续位列全国煤炭年产量前三甲,三省区产量之和占全国总产量的66%,而2006年这一比例还仅为40%。由于特殊的自然地理环境和较好的自然资源赋存条件,晋陕蒙接壤区煤炭开采有2个显著特征:1)开发

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