地表水突发污染应急处置决策支持系统构建与应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 02:05

  本文关键词：地表水突发污染应急处置决策支持系统构建与应用研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 地表水突发污染 技术筛选评估 决策支持系统 低温 吸附

【摘要】：饮用水安全是人民生命健康的基本保障,是社会发展的必然要求。地表水作为重要的供水水源,其突发污染事件频繁发生,给饮用水安全带来极大威胁,及时有效的展开应急处置成为亟待解决的问题。本课题以此为研究对象,研发地表水突发污染应急处置决策支持系统,为地表水应急处置提供技术指导。本文通过文献调研,结合环保部门资料、网络信息、新闻资讯等渠道整理出150件地表水突发污染事件信息、400种污染物质信息、90种应急技术信息、100名应急专家信息;根据上述信息分别建立应急案例、污染物质、应急技术、检测方法、应急专家和水质标准6个指标体系,并利用Oracle 10g软件开发出6个数据库。运用改进的层次分析法构建出以技术、环境、社会、经济4项指标为准则层、18个二级指标为方案层的应急技术筛选评估体系。在数据库和筛选评估体系的基础上,利用Visual Studio 2010开发出基于B/S模式的地表水突发污染应急处置决策支持系统。为了填补低温条件下突发重金属污染处置技术的空白,本文研究了低温条件下多种吸附剂对As(III)和Cr(VI)的吸附效果,结果表明:在水温为6℃、p H为7.0时,5A分子筛和活性氧化铝分别对As(III)和Cr(VI)具有较好的吸附效果,其吸附平衡时间均为3 h,吸附均符合Lagergren二级动力学吸附模型和Freundlich吸附等温模型。进一步考察了吸附剂在水库和江水两种水体中对As(III)和Cr(VI)的吸附情况,得到不同浓度下吸附剂最佳投加量。为低温条件下突发水污染应急处置提供技术支持。应用本文建立的地表水突发污染应急处置决策支持系统对两起地表水突发污染案例进行分析,结果表明:山东临沂砷污染事件的最佳应急技术为高铁酸盐除砷技术,其技术成本为78.5万元;陕西米粮河氰化物污染事件的最佳应急技术为投药消毒技术,其技术成本为45万元。应用本文建立的地表水突发污染应急处置决策支持系统和低温条件下突发重金属污染的吸附处理技术对两起重金属污染案例进行分析,结果表明:在低温水体条件下,苏鲁砷污染事件和云南南盘江铬污染事件最佳应急技术分别为分子筛吸附技术和活性氧化铝吸附技术,技术成本分别为936万元和519万元。
[Abstract]:Drinking water safety is the basic guarantee of people's life and health, is the inevitable requirement of social development. Surface water as an important source of water supply, its frequent occurrence of sudden pollution, drinking water safety is a great threat. Timely and effective development of emergency treatment has become a problem to be solved. This topic as a research object, research and development of surface water pollution emergency disposal decision support system. Through literature research, combined with environmental protection department information, network information, news information and other channels to sort out 150 surface water sudden pollution incident information. The information of 400 kinds of pollution substances and 90 kinds of emergency technical information contain 100 emergency experts' information; According to the above information, six index systems of emergency cases, pollution materials, emergency technologies, detection methods, emergency experts and water quality standards were established. Six databases were developed by using Oracle 10g software, and four indexes of technology, environment, society and economy were constructed by using improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Eighteen second-level indicators are emergency technical screening and evaluation system in the program layer, which is based on database and screening evaluation system. Using Visual Studio. In 2010, a decision support system for surface water pollution emergency disposal was developed based on B / S model. In order to fill the blank of heavy metal pollution disposal technology under low temperature. In this paper, the adsorption effects of various adsorbents on As-III and Cr-VI) at low temperature are studied. The results show that when the water temperature is 6 鈩，

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