工业区下游河道（淡水河）水环境综合改善效果分析与评价

发布时间：2018-01-10 19:24

本文关键词：工业区下游河道（淡水河）水环境综合改善效果分析与评价　出处：《长沙理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：淡水河是西枝江一级支流,东江二级支流,其水质关系数千万人饮水安全。处在工业区下游的淡水河曾经遭受严重的污染以致丧失基本河流功能。近年来,随着省市各级政府在流域内采取了一系列整治措施,淡水河流域水环境已经大为改善。本文在淡水河流域(淡水河,西枝江,东江)进行丰水期和枯水期的定点监测,从水环境(常规理化指标,重金属,有机物)和水生态(浮游植物,浮游动物,底栖生物和鱼类)两个方面全面研究流域水环境现状,识别流域水环境风险,分析整治成效,预测水质风险,并进一步为后续治理工作提出了相关建议。主要研究成果如下：(1)水常规指标：水质综合指数法和富营养化评价均显示出流域内上游至下游水质逐渐恶化,氮磷是主要污染源。(2)重金属指标：地表水中重金属含量处于可接受水平,沉积物重金属污染较为严重。地积累指数法和潜在生态风险指数法的结果均表明铜和汞污染较为严重,锰和铬的污染水平相对较低。污染源解析结果表明,锌、镍、铬、锰和铅的来源均为流域发达电子电镀行业,而汞和铜来自其它产业。(3)有机物指标：流域内可广泛检测到高浓度的壬基酚、双酚A,而三氯生浓度较低。地表水和沉积物生态表征说明部分点位壬基酚和双酚A表现出高生态风险。(4)水生态指标：浮游植物,浮游动物和底栖生物的种群结构以及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Margalef丰富度指数三大指数均表明流域存在一定程度的污染。另外,鱼类体内重金属检测表明肌肉重金属含量属于安全范围。(5)CCA分析显示,影响淡水河浮游植物生存的主要环境因子是水温、pH和营养盐,重金属和有机污染并未对浮游植物生长造成严重影响。(6)流域内通过通量减排、生态治理、环境管理等一系列措施使水质在近几年有一定好转,但仍然存在营养物质浓度过高、沉积物污染释放、有机物浓度高等潜在风险,淡水河对东江干流的水质安全可能威胁需警惕。
[Abstract]:The Tamsui River is a first grade tributary of the Xizhijiang River and a secondary tributary of the Dongjiang River, whose water quality is related to the safety of drinking water for tens of millions of people. The Tanshui River, which is located in the downstream of the industrial area, was once seriously polluted and lost its basic river function in recent years. With the provincial and municipal governments have taken a series of measures in the basin, the water environment of the Tanshui River basin has been greatly improved. This paper is in the Tanshui River Basin (Tanshui River, Xizhijiang River). Dongjiang was used to monitor water environment (conventional physical and chemical indexes, heavy metals, organic matter) and aquatic ecology (phytoplankton, zooplankton). Benthos and fish) two aspects of the comprehensive study of the basin water environment, identify the basin water environment risk, analysis of the effectiveness of regulation, water quality risk prediction. The main research results are as follows: water quality comprehensive index method and eutrophication evaluation show that the water quality in the upper and lower reaches of the basin is deteriorating gradually. Nitrogen and phosphorus is the main pollution source. 2) heavy metal index: the heavy metal content in surface water is acceptable. The results of soil accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method showed that copper and mercury pollution was more serious, manganese and chromium pollution level was relatively low. Nickel, chromium, manganese and lead come from the developed electronic electroplating industry, while mercury and copper come from other industries. 3) Organic indicators: high concentrations of nonylphenol and bisphenol A can be widely detected in the basin. Surface water and sediment ecological characterization showed that some of the point nonylphenol and bisphenol A showed high ecological risk. 4) Water ecological index: phytoplankton. Population structure and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of zooplankton and benthos. The three indices of Margalef richness index indicated that there was some pollution in the basin. The analysis of heavy metal content in fish showed that the main environmental factors affecting the phytoplankton survival were water temperature pH and nutrients. The results showed that the main environmental factors affecting the survival of phytoplankton in the freshwater river were water temperature pH and nutrients. Heavy metals and organic pollution have not caused serious impact on phytoplankton growth in the basin through a series of measures such as emission reduction, ecological control, environmental management and so on, the water quality has improved in recent years. However, there are still some potential risks, such as high nutrient concentration, sediment pollution release and high organic concentration. The water quality safety of the Dongjiang main stream may be threatened by the Tanshui River.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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