中药加工废水生物毒性分析与毒性物质识别研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 11:02

  本文关键词：中药加工废水生物毒性分析与毒性物质识别研究　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 中药加工废水 发光细菌 生物毒性 毒性物质

【摘要】：近年来,随着人们对饮用水安全和环境健康风险的关注,中药加工废水的污染问题也越来越受到重视,废水中的毒性污染物进入环境中会对环境生态和人类用水安全造成一定的威胁。然而国内外对于中药加工废水生物毒性的研究相对较少,对中药废水毒性污染物的识别研究更不充分,因此,对中药加工废水的生物毒性进行深入研究十分必要。本文以湖北十堰地区某中药企业加工废水为例,对中药加工废水的水质特征和生物毒性特征进行了分析,通过研究发光细菌法检测中药加工废水生物毒性的影响因素,建立了适用于中药加工废水生物毒性检测的适宜方案,最后对中药加工废水中的毒性物质进行识别,为后续的生物毒性研究和中药废水的生态风险和人体健康风险管理提供科学的参考依据。中药加工废水污染特征分析的研究表明,中药加工废水的水质情况复杂,水质特征与加工工序、提取方式和药材品种有关。丹参和板蓝根经水沉和醇沉等工序加工的废水毒性较大,其药材洗涤废水毒性较小。废水的生物毒性随浓度的降低而降低。当废水浓度降低至原水浓度的12.5%时,其生物毒性基本降为低毒水平。中药加工废水生物毒性分析方法研究表明,发光细菌法检测中药废水生物毒性的最佳条件为p H为6~7.5,温度为15℃和25℃,暴露时间为30min。试验发现,最佳条件下生物毒性检测结果的相对标准偏差小于参考试验条件下生物毒性检测结果的相对标准偏差,说明最佳条件下的生物毒性检测方法即为发光细菌检测中药加工废水生物毒性的适宜方法。分别从中药材所含的毒性成分和中药加工废水的污染物两个角度开展中药加工废水有毒物质识别研究,结果发现,废水中的毒性物质与中药材的毒性成分并无必然联系,废水中的有毒物质主要有卤代脂肪烃类、单环芳香族化合物、多环芳烃类和增塑剂,另外还有部分药材所含毒性成分。通过以上研究,明确了中药加工废水的污染特征,建立了中药加工废水生物毒性适宜检测方案,对中药加工废水中的毒性物质识别进行了初步探索。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concern of drinking water safety and environmental health risks, more and more attention has been paid to the pollution of wastewater from traditional Chinese medicine processing. The entry of toxic pollutants from wastewater into the environment will pose a certain threat to the environmental ecology and human water security. However, there is relatively little research on the biological toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater at home and abroad. Therefore, it is necessary to study the biological toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater. This paper takes a traditional Chinese medicine enterprise in Shiyan area of Hubei province as an example. The characteristics of water quality and biological toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater were analyzed, and the influencing factors of biological toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater were studied by means of luminescent bacteria method. A suitable scheme for biotoxicity detection of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater was established. Finally, the toxic substances in traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater were identified. It provides a scientific reference basis for the further study of biotoxicity and the ecological risk and human health risk management of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater. The analysis of pollution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater shows that. The water quality of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater is complex, and the water quality characteristics are related to the processing process, extraction method and the variety of medicinal materials. The wastewater from salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Isatidis is toxic in the processes of water sedimentation and alcohol precipitation. The biotoxicity of the wastewater decreased with the decrease of the concentration. When the concentration of the wastewater decreased to 12.5 of the concentration of raw water. The study of biotoxicity analysis method of traditional Chinese medicine processing wastewater showed that the best condition for the detection of biological toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine wastewater by luminescent bacteria method was that pH was 67.5. The temperature was 15 鈩，

本文编号：1413955