中国环境公益诉讼实践立法意蕴研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 19:28

本文关键词：中国环境公益诉讼实践立法意蕴研究　出处：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2005年《国务院关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》中首次明确提出“推动环境公益诉讼”以来,中国环境公益诉讼实践已经走过10个年头。在这十年间,见诸报端与网络的环境公益诉讼案件多达数十起。这数十起环境公益诉讼案件,构成了环境公益诉讼实践的“中国样本”。这些“中国样本”,不仅是中国环境公益诉讼立法进程中举足轻重的“本土资源”,更是作为舶来品的环境公益诉讼在中国落地生根的现实土壤。中国学界应充分重视这份难能可贵的“中国样本”在环境公益诉讼制度创新中的非凡意义,给予这份“中国样本”应有的关照和必要的开掘,以便为我国立法者在未来环境公益诉讼制度的科学设计中理性回应“中国样本”的经验与困境提供参考。本文以近十年见诸报端与网络等媒体的环境公益诉讼案件为样本,归纳出我国环境公益诉讼实践的诸多特征,并对这些特征进行了跨学科阐释,从中挖掘出可为我国日后环境公益诉讼立法所用的难能可贵的本土资源。本文分为如下几个部分:引言部分,阐明了本文写作的背景、研究成果综述、研究目的与主旨、研究的对象等。第一部分,中国环境公益诉讼的样本分析。中国环境公益诉讼实践的开展累积了一定数量的样本,选择样本并对样本展开分析能够有效地把握环境公益诉讼的实践脉络和发展方向。通过样本的选取和分析,可以归纳出当前中国环境公益诉讼的特征是侵害行为表现多样、“五难”现象突出、被诉对象范围局限、司法刚性相对缺乏以及司法能动较为不足,表明当前中国环境公益诉讼陷入了困境,有待以立法完善的方法破解。第二部分,中国环境公益诉讼样本的多角度审视。环境公益诉讼作为一种法律现象、社会现象,应从多个角度展开审视。制度法学、法政治学、法经济学、法社会学为我们审视环境公益诉讼提供了理论上的视角。从制度法学的角度看,环境公益诉讼制度的确立是立法者对环境公益诉讼实践这一社会事实的立法确认;从法政治学角度看,不同主体对于环境保护乃至经济发展模式的话语权争夺,环境公益诉讼制度为话语权竞争提供了一个良好的制度平台。环境公益诉讼中存在的“部门利益”属于中立概念,不同部门的参与以及对“部门利益”的争夺将有助于环境公益诉讼的发展;从法经济学的角度看,环境公益诉讼实践中存在的困境主要是由于成本高昂而收益低微所致。环境公益诉讼反映了一种资源配置的效率原则;从法社会学的角度看,公众公益精神、社会力量的消长将决定环境公益诉讼制度的走向。第三部分,中国环境公益诉讼实践的立法意蕴。当前环境公益诉讼实践为我国环境公益诉讼立法提供了实证基础。建议在把握环境公益诉讼实践立法意蕴的基础上,进一步完善环境公益诉讼制度:应消除环境公益诉讼的制度障碍,拓宽原告范围,发展环保NGO,完善环境公益诉讼应构建前置程序、相应的举证规则和审判组织;应为环境公益诉讼寻找进一步的政治与政策支持,充分发挥检察机关在环境公益诉讼中的作用;应构建环境公益诉讼的激励机制,承认环保公益组织的某些利益诉求,并降低诉讼成本,提高环保公益组织的诉讼积极性;应激活公益精神,强调环境公益诉讼的公益性,同时限制环境公益诉讼的处分权。
[Abstract]:Since the decision of the State Council on the implementation of < > in 2005 Scientific Outlook on Development to strengthen environmental protection for the first time explicitly proposed to promote the environmental public interest litigation "since the China practice of environmental public interest litigation has gone through 10 years. In the past ten years, environmental public interest litigation cases reported in the newspapers and network. The tens of dozens of environmental public interest litigation cases, constitute the practice of environmental public interest litigation" Chinese samples ". These" China sample ", is not only an important" local resources "in the legislative process of environmental public interest litigation China, more realistic soil as an environmental public interest litigation in Chinese. China academic air plant should pay full attention to the valuable" Chinese sample "in environmental public interest the litigation system in the innovation of extraordinary significance, given the" China sample "due care and necessary analysis, for China's legislation In the scientific design of future environmental public interest litigation system in a rational response "China sample" experiences and difficulties. This paper provides a reference for nearly ten years in the newspapers and network media such as environmental public interest litigation cases as samples, summed up a lot of environmental public interest litigation practice of our country's characteristics, and these characteristics are interdisciplinary interpretation that can be used in China after the environmental public interest litigation valuable local resources from mining. This paper is divided into several parts as follows: the introduction part expounds the background, research review, research aim and purpose, the object of study. The first part, analysis of the environmental public interest litigation Chinese sample Chinese. Environmental public interest litigation practice has accumulated a certain number of samples, sample selection and analysis can effectively grasp the environmental public interest litigation practice context and the development of the sample Through analysis and direction. The sample selection, summarizes the characteristics of the current China environmental public interest litigation is a violation of the behavior diversity, "five difficulties" phenomenon is prominent, the object of limitation, the relative lack of judicial and judicial activism is less rigid, indicating that the current environmental public interest litigation Chinese predicament, need to perfect legislation to crack method the second part examines multi angle China environmental public interest litigation samples. As a legal phenomenon, environmental public interest litigation social phenomenon, many aspects should be expanded. Examine the institutional theory of law, politics, economics, law, sociology of law provides a theoretical perspective for us to examine the environmental public interest litigation system from the legal point of view. And the establishment of environmental public interest litigation is the legislators of the practice of environmental public interest litigation this social fact the legislative confirmation; from the viewpoint of politics, on different subjects On the right for environmental protection and the mode of economic development, environmental public interest litigation system for the right of discourse competition provides a good platform. The system of environmental public interest litigation in departmental interests belong to neutral concept, different departments participate and compete for "department benefit" will contribute to the development of environmental public interest litigation; from the angle of law and economics, there are difficulties in the practice of environmental public interest litigation is mainly due to the high cost and low profit. Due to environmental public interest litigation reflects the efficiency principle of a resource allocation; from the perspective of Sociology of law, public spirit, and to social forces will determine the environmental public interest litigation system. The third part, the legislative implication of China environmental public interest litigation practice. Currently provide empirical basis for the practice of environmental public interest litigation environmental public interest litigation in China. In the legislative proposals Hold the basis of public interest litigation practice legislative implication environment, to further improve the system of environmental public interest litigation should eliminate institutional barriers of environmental public interest litigation, to broaden the scope of the plaintiff, the development of environmental protection NGO, improve the environmental public interest litigation should construct the pre procedure, rules of evidence and the corresponding trial organization; political and policy should seek further support for environmental public interest the lawsuit, give full play to the role of procuratorial organs in the environmental public interest litigation; incentive mechanism construction of environmental public interest litigation, that certain interests of environmental charity organization, and reduce the lawsuit cost, improve lawsuit enthusiasm of environmental charity organization; should activate the public spirit, public emphasis on environmental public interest litigation, while limiting the environmental public interest litigation the right of disposition.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.68;D925

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