不同处理鸡粪对土壤肥力性质及重金属形态影响的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 04:17

本文关键词：不同处理鸡粪对土壤肥力性质及重金属形态影响的比较研究　出处：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有机肥所含营养成分丰富、全面,可优化土壤微生物种群,增强土壤酶活性,改善土壤农化性状,保持土壤肥力,并且对养分具有缓释效果。鸡粪是植物生产中优质的有机肥,富含氮、磷、钾等植物所必需的养分。本文通过比较鸡粪分离前后固体和液体部分以及与不同方式下处理的鸡粪施用于土壤后对土壤的营养成分、酶活性、腐殖质以及重金属的影响。旨在为鸡粪资源化利用效率提高及合理利用途径的探索提供理论依据。通过对固液分离效率、固体去除率以及进出料含水率的研究发现,最佳水料比为2:1时,是固液分离处理效果达到最佳状态。对鸡粪进行固液分离处理使鸡粪中的养分含量得到了显著的提升,使鸡粪更加的优质;鸡粪分离液中仍然存一定量的养分。施肥方式不同对土壤中营养元素含量影响不同。鸡粪固液分离处理组中分离鸡粪固体(FX)、新鲜鸡粪(XX)和分离鸡粪液体(FLY)都可以增加3各月份土壤中N、P、K含量,但FX处理组增加较为明显,与XX组相比差别显著;不同方式处理组的鸡粪中7,8,9三个月份分离鸡粪固体烘干(FH)组对土壤中速效营养成影响较为显著。在全N、全P和全K的测定中,FH含量较其他组高。土壤的酶活性是土壤肥力的重要指标。FX处理对土壤中的过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶等都具有一定的影响,其表现为在施入固液分离后的鸡粪后第8月份,土壤中的脲酶活性增加与CK相比具有显著差异,在第9月份时各处理组脲酶活性下降,土壤中的磷酸酶亦是如此。土壤中的过氧化氢酶在施入固液分离的鸡粪后活性呈现升高-降低-升高的趋势。对酶活的影响中以FX处理组施入土壤后对土壤的酶活影响较大;不同方式处理的鸡粪中,固液分离烘干后的鸡粪(FH)、腐解鸡粪(FJ)以及鸡粪有机肥(YJF)第8月份时,土壤中的脲酶活性增加与CK和CT组相比具有显著差异,在第9月份时各处理组脲酶活性下降,土壤中的磷酸酶亦是如此。土壤中的过氧化氢酶在施入不同方式处理的鸡粪后活性均呈现升高-降低-升高的趋势。对酶活的影响中以FH和FJ处理组施入土壤后对土壤的酶活影响较大。在对土壤中的腐殖质的分析中,FX和XX处理组均能提高土壤中松结态、联结态、稳结态和紧结态腐殖质含量,而FLY与CK相比没有显著性差异,而FLY处理的鸡粪对土壤肥力影响不大,FX和XX及FLY各处理组对联结态和稳结态腐殖质HA/FA的影响不大,但FX处理组对能显著性提升松结态腐殖质HA/FA值,在对腐殖质胡敏酸中E4/E6值的影响中,FX和XX处理组中松结态、稳结态和联结态腐殖质的E4/E6与FLY和CK组相比具有显著性差异,但FX和XX,FLY与CK之间之间相比没有显著性差异,各分离鸡粪均能提升土壤松/紧比值;不同方式处理鸡粪对土壤中的腐殖质的分析中,FH处理的鸡粪与FJ和YJF处理和CT处理相比松结态和联结态腐殖质含量显著性增加,但稳结态腐殖质含量FH处理组与FJ处理组没有显著性差异,但这两组均与CT和YJF处理有显著性差异。紧结态腐殖质含量的比较中,FH、CT和YJF处理组显著性低于CK和FJ处理组,CK和FJ处理组间差异不明显。FH处理组松结态和联结态腐殖质HA/FA比值显著性高于其他处理组,而YJF、CT、FJ处理组组间松结态和联结态腐殖质HA/FA比值没有显著性差异,FH处理组与其他处理组相比土壤中各形态中腐殖质的E4/E6比值有显著性差异,各鸡粪处理组之间差异不明显,但与CK相比差异显著。本实验中FX和XX处理组中铜和锌的含量与CK和FLY相比显著性增加,但这两组之间铜和锌含量没有显著性差异,FLY和CK相比铜和锌含量具有显著性差异,但这两种重金属均没有超标,镉元素的比较中,FX、XX和FLY处理组之间有差异,但不具有显著性,但与CK相比差异显著,鸡粪的施入可以增加土壤中重金属含量。与CK相比,铜和锌各形态重金属含量均增加,但多数以残渣态的形式存留土壤中,说明施入土壤后这两种重金属对土壤的污染能力较小,而镉离子主要以交换态的形式存在,说明其不会再土壤中长期存留;不同方式处理的鸡粪中,FH处理组、FJ处理组、YJF处理组中重金属含量均显著性高于CT、CK处理组,铜和镉含量,FH与FJ和YJF组间差异显著,锌含量含差异不显著。各组中各形态的铜和锌以残渣态为主,镉以可交换态为主。施入不同方式处理的鸡粪均能增加各形态重金属含量,其中以FH处理组和FJ处理组增加较为明显,其次是YJF和CT处理组。
[Abstract]:The organic fertilizer contained rich nutrients, comprehensive, can optimize the microbial population in the soil, enhance soil enzyme activity, improve soil agrochemical properties, maintaining soil fertility, and has effect on nutrient release. Chicken manure is plant production in high quality organic fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other essential plant nutrients. Through the comparison of chicken manure before and after the separation of solid and liquid parts and different ways of treatment for chicken manure on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, and heavy metals. The influence of humus to manure resource utilization efficiency and provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of exploration. Based on the solid-liquid separation efficiency, and the removal rate of solid material import the moisture content, the best water ratio is 2:1, the effect of solid-liquid separation process is to achieve the best condition. Carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment of chicken manure nutrient content in chicken manure Has been significantly improved, so that more high-quality chicken manure; separation still a certain amount of liquid nutrients. Fertilization methods have different effects on the content of nutrient elements in the soil of different separation. Chicken manure solid-liquid separation treatment of solid manure (FX), fresh chicken manure (XX) and liquid separation (FLY) can be increased by 3 each month the soil N, P, K content, but FX treatment group increased significantly, compared with the XX group the difference was significant; the separation of solid manure drying 7,8,9 three months of different treatment group (FH group) in chicken manure on soil available nutrients into the more significant influence. In the determination of N, P and K, FH were higher than those in other groups. Soil enzyme activity is an important indicator of soil fertility.FX phosphatase on catalase, urease in soil, and has a certain effect, which is manifested in the application of solid-liquid separation after the chicken after eighth months, the urea in soil The enzyme activity increased compared with CK had significant differences, in the ninth month of each treatment group decreased urease activity, so is the phosphatase in soil. Soil catalase in the solid-liquid separation of chicken manure after activity showed increase decrease increase trend. A greater impact on the effects of enzyme on soil enzyme activity in the FX treatment group applied into soil; manure treated in different ways, solid-liquid separation of dried chicken manure, chicken manure (FH) decomposition (FJ) and chicken manure organic fertilizer (YJF) Eighth months, urease activity in soil increased compared with CK and CT group has significant difference in the ninth month the treatment group decreased urease activity, so is the phosphatase in soil. Soil catalase in the different treatment of chicken after activity showed increase decrease increase trend. The influence on enzyme activity in FH treatment group and FJ treatment group were applied into soil on Influence of living soil enzyme. In the analysis of Soil Humus in FX and XX treatment group could improve the soil loose form, coupling state, stable combined humus and tightly combined humus content, while FLY and CK had no significant difference compared to the FLY treatment of chicken manure had little effect on soil fertility FX and XX have little effect, and the FLY of each treatment group and the combined form of antithetical couplet stably combined humus HA/FA, but FX treatment group can significantly enhance loose humus HA/FA value, based on the effect of E4/E6 value in humus Hu Min acid, FX and XX group in loose form, stable form and connection of humus E4/E6 has a significant difference compared with FLY and CK group, but FX and XX, between FLY and CK were not significantly different, the separation of chicken manure can improve the soil loose / tight ratio; analysis of chicken manure in the soil humus of different treatment, FH treatment and FJ chicken manure and YJF Compared with CT treatment and the loose combined form of humus content linking increased significantly, but the steady bound humus content in the FH treatment group had no significant difference with FJ group, but the two groups with CT and YJF treatment were significantly different. Compared tightlycombined humus content, FH, CT and YJF. Treatment group was significantly lower than that of CK and FJ treatment group, FJ treatment group and CK the difference was not significant between the.FH group and the loose combined form of humus coupling ratio of HA/FA was significantly higher than that of other groups, while YJF, CT, FJ treatment group and the loose combined form of humus coupling ratio of HA/FA had no significant difference, FH treatment group E4/E6 ratio in all forms of soil humus had significant difference compared with other treatment groups, no significant difference between the treatment group and the CK of chicken manure, but the difference was significant. The experiment of copper and zinc in FX and XX groups were significantly increased compared with CK and FLY, but the two There is no significant difference between the content of copper and zinc group, compared with the copper and zinc content of FLY and CK has significant differences, but these two kinds of heavy metals did not exceed the standard, compared with CD, FX, there are differences between XX and FLY group, but have no significant difference, but compared with CK, chicken manure the fertilizer can increase the content of heavy metals in soil. Compared with CK, the heavy metal content of copper and zinc were increased, but most in the form of residua remaining in the soil, which indicated that the application of the capacity of the smaller of the two kinds of heavy metal pollution of soil, and the cadmium ion mainly in exchangeable form, the no long-term retention in the soil; manure treated in different ways, the FH treatment group, FJ treatment group, the contents of heavy metals in YJF treatment group were significantly higher than those of CT, CK treatment group, copper and cadmium content, FH and FJ and YJF are significant differences between the groups, the zinc content had no significant difference. The copper and zinc in each group were mainly residues, and CD was mainly exchangeable. Different forms of chicken manure could increase the contents of heavy metals in various forms, especially in FH treated group and FJ treated group, followed by YJF and CT treatment groups.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141;X713

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