柴河流域种植方式与沟渠类型对农田径流氮、磷含量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-13 15:09

本文关键词：柴河流域种植方式与沟渠类型对农田径流氮、磷含量的影响　出处：《水土保持学报》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了解高原湖泊流域内农田种植方式及沟渠类型对雨季径流中固体悬浮物及氮磷浓度变化的影响,在柴河流域不同农田种植方式(蔬菜地、玉米地、大棚种植区)的区域内选择典型自然沟渠及土质沟渠进行自然降雨过程中径流氮、磷含量分析。结果表明:(1)该区域农田径流水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)平均值为27.16,17.18mg/L,相对地表V类水质限值而言超标严重,溶解态氮(DN)与颗粒态磷是氮、磷的主要存在形态,符合面源污染特征;(2)降雨是影响径流污染物含量最重要的因素之一。除此之外,种植方式对总氮、溶解态氮及溶解态磷(DP)具有显著影响(P0.05),而沟渠类型对污染物含量的影响不显著(P0.05);(3)在同一降雨量(18.05 mm)条件下,蔬菜地及大棚区的农田径流氮含量(TN:32.26 mg/L和29.02mg/L,DN:21.33mg/L和17.46mg/L)显著高于玉米地(TN:18.33mg/L,DN:6.23mg/L),大棚区径流的磷素含量(TP:17.46mg/L,DP:2.16mg/L)则显著高于蔬菜地(TP:6.89mg/L,DP:1.38mg/L)及玉米地(TP:7.92mg/L,DP:0.64mg/L);自然沟渠相对于土质沟渠可以显著降低径流中的总磷、DN及DP含量(P0.05)。研究结果表明在同一降雨量条件下,土地种植方式仍是影响柴河流域面源污染的主要因素,沟渠虽然可以有效降低面源污染含量,但其影响却小于土地种植方式。因此建议在流域面源污染控制及水土保持过程中,首先需要对流域原有种植结构进行优化,然后在此基础上实现对现有沟渠生态化水平的改造与提升,以增加对面源污染物的控制效能。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the effect of farmland planting pattern and channel type on the change of solid suspended matter and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in runoff during rainy season, different cultivation patterns (vegetable land and corn field) were used in Chaihe River Basin. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents in runoff during natural rainfall were analyzed in typical natural ditches and soil gullies in greenhouse planting area. The results showed that the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of runoff water in the region were 1: 1) the total nitrogen content of runoff water in this region was TNN). The average value of total phosphorus (TPN) is 27.16 ~ 17.18 mg 路L ~ (-1), which is serious compared with the limit of V water quality on the surface. Dissolved nitrogen (DN) and particulate phosphorus are the main forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Accord with the characteristics of non-point source pollution; (2) rainfall is one of the most important factors affecting runoff pollutant content. In addition, planting pattern has a significant effect on total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus (DPDP). However, the effect of channel type on pollutant content was not significant (P 0.05). (3) under the condition of the same rainfall of 18.05 mm), the nitrogen content of farmland runoff in vegetable field and greenhouse area was 29.02 mg / L and 29.02 mg / L, respectively, and the nitrogen content was 32.26 mg/L and 29.02 mg / L. DN:21.33mg/L and 17.46 mg / L) were significantly higher than TN1: 18.33 mg / L DN: 6.23 mg / L). The phosphorus content of runoff in greenhouse area was significantly higher than that in vegetable land (TP: 17.46 mg / L, DP: 2.16 mg / L), and was significantly higher than that in vegetable field (TP: 6.89 mg / L). DP1: 1.38 mg / L) and corn field TP1: 7.92 mg / L DP0: 0.64 mg / L; Compared with the soil channel, the natural channel can significantly reduce the total phosphorus DN and DP content in the runoff. The results show that under the same rainfall condition. Land planting pattern is still the main factor affecting non-point source pollution in Chaihe River Basin. Although ditch can effectively reduce the content of non-point source pollution. However, the effect is less than that of land cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested that the original planting structure should be optimized in the process of non-point source pollution control and soil and water conservation. On this basis, the ecological level of the existing ditch can be improved and improved to increase the control efficiency of the non-point source pollutants.
【作者单位】：云南大学生态学与环境学院;昆明学院生命科学与技术系;云南省高校特色生物资源开发与利用重点实验室;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102-003) 国家自然科学基金项目(31360152) 云南省应用基础研究项目(2014FD040) 云南省高校特色生物资源开发与利用重点实验室开放基金(GXKM201506)
【分类号】：X712;X52
【正文快照】： (P0.05).In conclusion,planting mode was one of the main factors influencing non-point source pollutionin the same rainfall.Though ditch can decrease effectively non-point source pollution,the contribution ofditch was less than the planting mode.Based on

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