我国环境质量综合评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 12:44

本文关键词：我国环境质量综合评价研究　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展,我国经济进入快速发展阶段,经济的快速发展给人们的生活带来了便利和丰富多彩,但同时,经济的发展也加剧了环境的污染,比如大气污染、水污染、噪声污染、固体废弃物污染以及放射性污染等等。近年来,我国大部分城市出现的雾霾天气也正是由环境污染带来的。十八大报告首次提出“美丽中国”,虽然“美丽中国”包含的概念是多方面,但是环境友好显然是建设“美丽中国”的基础条件之一。为了更好地处理环境质量同人类、环境质量同经济发展的关系,需要分析环境污染的现状,对我国的环境质量做出评价,提出环境污染治理的对策,减少因此带来的对社会发展、经济活动和人们生活的影响,从而实现环境与经济的协调统一、良性循环、和谐发展。本文基于这些考虑,选择我国环境质量综合评价研究作为论文选题。文章第一章阐述选题背景、研究目的及意义,对国内外研究现状进行综述,并介绍本文的研究思路和方法。第二章介绍环境质量评价的理论和方法,包括环境质量的概念与价值、PSR模型的基本原理与特点、人工鱼群算法的基本描述与流程以及BP神经网络模型。第三章构建环境质量评价指标体系,根据指标体系构建原则,从压力、状态、响应三个方面选取代表性指标,利用标准差变异系数法和条件广义方差极小法对指标进行筛选。第四章描述我国环境质量的现状,介绍人工鱼群算法与BP神经网络模型相结合的可行性,构建基于人工鱼群算法的BP神经网络模型,然后对我国31个省市自治区的环境质量进行综合评价。最后对全文进行总结,对我国的环境质量提出相关建议。根据实证结果,各省市的环境质量出现了不同程度的差异,其中环境质量较好排在前三的是西藏、海南和云南,这些地区由于受地理条件的限制,工业主导发展都没有大面积展开,环境质量相对较好。其次是广西、福建、重庆、北京、贵州、江西、湖南、广东、四川地区,除首都北京外,其他都是长江流域或流域以南的省份,广西、重庆、贵州、四川这几省环境质量面临的压力不是很大,环境现状也相对较好。相对落后的有西北、东北以及华东的几个省份,虽然中间不乏经济发展较快的城市和省份,但这些地区由人口、经济和污染压力比较大,环境质量没有得到改善和提高。排名落后的是河南、新疆、甘肃,这些地区在自然环境上本身就存在很大的劣势,再加上当地经济发展水平落后,面对环境问题的科技投入和财政投入都比较落后,环境质量也比较滞后。环境质量的改善不是一朝一夕就能完成,本文分别从政府责任、转变经济增长方式、大力发展循环经济、采取有效措施防治工业污染、提高公民环境保护意识方面提出促进环境质量优化与改进的具体措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, China's economy has entered a stage of rapid development. The rapid development of the economy has brought convenience and variety to people's lives, but at the same time, the economic development has also aggravated the pollution of the environment. For example, air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, solid waste pollution, radioactive pollution and so on. In recent years. The haze weather in most cities in China is also caused by the environmental pollution. 18 reports first put forward "beautiful China", although the concept of "beautiful China" contains many aspects. However, environmental friendliness is obviously one of the basic conditions for building a "beautiful China". In order to better deal with the relationship between environmental quality and human beings and between environmental quality and economic development, it is necessary to analyze the present situation of environmental pollution. To evaluate the environmental quality of our country, put forward the countermeasures of environmental pollution control, reduce the impact on social development, economic activities and people's lives, so as to achieve the coordination and unity of environment and economy. Based on these considerations, this paper chooses the comprehensive evaluation of environmental quality as the topic of the thesis. The first chapter describes the background of the topic, the purpose and significance of the study. The second chapter introduces the theory and method of environmental quality evaluation, including the concept and value of environmental quality. The basic principle and characteristics of PSR model, the basic description and flow of artificial fish swarm algorithm and BP neural network model. The standard deviation variation coefficient method and conditional generalized variance minimal method are used to screen the indicators. Chapter 4th describes the current situation of environmental quality in China. This paper introduces the feasibility of combining artificial fish swarm algorithm with BP neural network model, and constructs BP neural network model based on artificial fish swarm algorithm. Then the environmental quality of 31 provinces and autonomous regions of China is comprehensively evaluated. Finally, the paper summarizes the full text, and puts forward the relevant recommendations on the environmental quality of our country. According to the empirical results. Among them, Tibet, Hainan and Yunnan are among the top three in environmental quality, which are restricted by geographical conditions. The leading industrial development is not carried out in a large area, and the environmental quality is relatively good, followed by Guangxi, Fujian, Chongqing, Beijing, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, except the capital Beijing. Other provinces in the Yangtze River basin or south of the basin, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Sichuan, these provinces are not facing great environmental quality pressure, the environmental status quo is relatively good. Relatively backward northwest. Several provinces in Northeast China and East China, although there are some cities and provinces with relatively rapid economic development, but these areas by population, economic and pollution pressure is greater. The environmental quality has not been improved and improved. The list is lagging behind Henan, Xinjiang, Gansu, these areas in the natural environment itself has a great disadvantage, plus the level of local economic development is backward. In the face of environmental problems, the investment in science and technology and financial investment are relatively backward, the environmental quality is also lagging behind. The improvement of environmental quality can not be completed overnight. This paper changes the mode of economic growth from the responsibility of the government. In the aspect of developing circular economy vigorously, taking effective measures to prevent and control industrial pollution and raising citizens' awareness of environmental protection, concrete measures to promote the optimization and improvement of environmental quality are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X821

【相似文献】