环境烟草烟雾中颗粒物上载带组分及净化研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 21:21

本文关键词：环境烟草烟雾中颗粒物上载带组分及净化研究　出处：《浙江师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：香烟燃烧形成的环境烟草烟雾(Environmental Tobacco Smoke, ETS)对人群健康危害严重,由吸烟引起的诸多呼吸系统、心血管系统疾病已得到国内外诸多研究者的证实。本论文主要的工作重点分为以下三个方面：首先,用8级安德森采样器收集香烟燃烧释放的颗粒物,对颗粒物上载带的碳(有机碳OC、元素碳EC)、25种元素、5种离子进行了分析,实验结果可知,香烟颗粒物上的总碳含量在20%-23%之间,其中OC占总碳含量的90%以上,分析的25种元素含量中排名前四的是K, S, C1, Cd,香烟颗粒物上离子分析知含量最高的是SO42-。香烟烟尘较燃煤尘、燃油尘而言,OC含量高,因而烟尘更具毒性,K元素可以作为香烟颗粒物的标识元素应用于居室颗粒物来源解析中。其次,用电迁移扫描颗粒物分析仪实时监测香烟从开始点燃到香烟燃尽两小时后实验舱环境中颗粒物的情况,得到不同湿度(Relative Humidity, RH)参数下香烟的粒径谱和随时间推移不同粒径段颗粒物的衰减规律。香烟燃烧释放的颗粒物粒径分布在100-800nm之间,峰粒径在290nm左右,香烟燃烧环境的湿度会对其释放颗粒物的数量有所影响,但不影响其粒径分布。在颗粒物衰减过程分析中,小颗粒物的衰减比大颗粒物快,且湿度对小粒子的衰减过程的影响比对大粒子的衰减过程更显著。最后,用自行设计的模拟吸烟机研究静电除尘器对香烟烟雾的净化过程,考察不同外加电压、湿度和燃烟速率对ETS的净化效率的影响。研究结果显示：电除尘器最佳的粒径去除范围为0.4～2.1μm；电压增大,除尘器的净化效率增加,综合考虑能效比的话,20 kV是最优的外加电压值；湿度增加有利于大颗粒物(2μm)的净化去除,但对小颗粒物的净化效率基本无影响；香烟燃烧速率的变化会影响香烟燃烧释放颗粒物的粒径分布,从而对电除尘器的净化效率造成影响.
[Abstract]:Cigarette smoke Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETSs) is harmful to the health of people, and it is caused by many respiratory systems caused by smoking. Cardiovascular diseases have been confirmed by many researchers at home and abroad. The main work of this paper is divided into the following three aspects: first, the 8 grade Anderson sampler was used to collect particulate matter from cigarette combustion. The organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (ECC) of 25 elements and 5 kinds of ions were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the total carbon content of particulate matter in cigarette was between 20% and 23%. OC accounted for more than 90% of the total carbon content, and the top four elements were K, S, C _ 1 and CD. The content of SO42-was the highest in particulate matter of cigarette, and the content of OC in fuel dust was higher than that in coal dust, so smoke dust was more toxic. K element can be used as the identification element of cigarette particulate matter in the analysis of the source of indoor particulate matter. Secondly. Electromigration scanning particle analyzer was used to monitor the particulate matter in the environment of the experimental cabin from the start of cigarette ignition to the cigarette burnout for two hours. The relative Humidity of different humidity was obtained. Under the RH) parameters, the particle size spectrum of cigarette and the attenuation law of particulate matter in different particle size sections over time. The particle size distribution of cigarette burning and releasing particles ranged from 100 to 800 nm. The peak particle size is about 290 nm, the humidity of cigarette combustion environment will affect the amount of released particles, but it will not affect the particle size distribution. The attenuation of small particles is faster than that of large particles, and the effect of humidity on the attenuation process of small particles is more significant than that of large particles. Finally. The self-designed simulated smoking machine was used to study the purification process of cigarette smoke by electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and to investigate the different applied voltages. The effects of humidity and smoke burning rate on the purification efficiency of ETS were studied. The results showed that the optimal particle size removal range of ESP was 0.4U 2.1 渭 m. When the voltage increases, the purification efficiency of the dust collector increases, and the optimal applied voltage is 20 kV when the energy efficiency ratio is taken into account. The increase of humidity is beneficial to the purification and removal of large particles (2 渭 m), but has no effect on the purification efficiency of small particles. The change of cigarette combustion rate will affect the particle size distribution of the particulate matter released by the cigarette combustion, thus affecting the purification efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513;TU834.6

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