“十三五”时期中国环境监管体制改革的形势、目标与若干建议

发布时间：2018-01-19 20:03

  本文关键词： “十三五” 环境监管体制 形势 目标　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文构建了包括监管的立法、组织体系、监管权力配置、监管工具与程序、问责机制、监管能力等要素在内的环境监管体制分析框架,从污染物排放趋势、国家制度建设等角度分析了"十三五"时期中国环境监管体制改革面临的挑战、目标和思路。"十三五"时期是中国生态文明建设的重要时期,完善环境监管制度是推进生态文明制度体系建设的重要内容。面对严重环境污染所带来的挑战,在此期间加快环境监管体制改革、提高环境监管有效性是切实实现治污减排的根本保证。完善环境监管体系、改进监管方式、创新监管手段是建立治污减排长效机制的基础和前提,也是完善环境治理体系的重要内容。按照市场经济条件下政府依法行政的要求,中国环境监管体制改革的目标,就是要按照合法性、独立性、透明性、可问责性、专业性和执法能力、可信性等原则建立和完善现代环境监管体制,为此必须从专门立法、组织结构、权力分配、问责机制、监管程序与工具、监管能力建设等各方面推进改革。本文提出了"十三五"时期环境监管体制改革的思路及若干建议,主要包括:加快修订环保法律法规,提高法律的可操作性,推进环境司法常态化、规范化和专门化,进一步提升环境监管法治化水平;从纵向、横向上优化环境监管组织结构,强化区域层级的监管与督查功能,强化中央层级环境监管机构对环境信息的获取能力;优化环境保护主管部门机构设置以及相关职能,建立并完善内部机构的协调机制;完善环境监管的内外部问责机制,把做实对监管者的监管机制作为优化环境监管体制的抓手;强化对监管工具的顶层设计,做实监管程序中关键环节,建立环境监管影响评估制度;加强环境监管能力建设,推进环境监管制度队伍职业化发展,保障各级环境监管机构具有充分履职的能力。环境监管体制的改革和完善,是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要内容。
[Abstract]:This paper constructs an analytical framework of environmental regulatory system, including regulatory legislation, organizational system, regulatory power allocation, regulatory tools and procedures, accountability mechanism, regulatory capacity and other elements, from pollutant emission trends. This paper analyzes the challenges, objectives and ideas of the reform of China's environmental supervision system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, which is an important period for the construction of China's ecological civilization. Perfecting the system of environmental supervision is an important content to promote the construction of ecological civilization system. In the face of the challenge of serious environmental pollution, the reform of environmental supervision system will be accelerated during this period. Improving the effectiveness of environmental regulation is the fundamental guarantee to effectively achieve pollution control and emission reduction. Improving the environmental regulatory system, improving regulatory methods and innovative regulatory means are the basis and premise of establishing a long-term mechanism of pollution control and emission reduction. It is also an important content of perfecting the environmental governance system. According to the requirements of the government administration according to the law under the market economy, the goal of the reform of China's environmental supervision system is to follow the legality, independence and transparency. The principles of accountability, professionalism, law enforcement ability, credibility and so on establish and perfect the modern environmental regulatory system. For this reason, it is necessary to establish and perfect the modern environmental regulatory system from the aspects of special legislation, organizational structure, power distribution, accountability mechanism, regulatory procedures and tools. This paper puts forward the ideas and some suggestions of environmental supervision system reform in the 13th Five-Year Plan period, including: speeding up the revision of environmental protection laws and regulations, and improving the operability of laws. Promote the normalization of environmental justice, standardization and specialization, and further improve the level of environmental regulation by law; The organization structure of environmental supervision should be optimized vertically and horizontally, the function of supervision and supervision at regional level should be strengthened, and the ability of obtaining environmental information should be strengthened. Optimize the establishment of environmental protection departments and related functions, establish and improve the coordination mechanism of internal institutions; Perfecting the internal and external accountability mechanism of environmental supervision and taking the supervision mechanism to the regulators as the grasp to optimize the environmental supervision system; Strengthen the top-level design of regulatory tools, make sure of the key links in the regulatory procedures, and establish an environmental regulatory impact assessment system; We will strengthen the building of environmental regulatory capacity, promote the professionalization of the environmental regulatory system, and ensure that environmental regulatory bodies at all levels have the ability to fully perform their duties, and the reform and improvement of the environmental regulatory system. Is the country governs the system and the governance ability modernization the important content.
【作者单位】： 国务院发展研究中心资源与环境政策研究所;
【基金】：国务院发展研究中心2014年度重点课题“新时期中国环境监管体制研究” 国务院发展研究中心基础研究课题“国家治理体系与国家治理现代化”
【分类号】：X321
【正文快照】： 政府环境监管体制在环境治理体系中处于基础和核心地位,有效的环境监管是良好环境治理的基础。监管有效性不足是中国环境监管失灵的重要原因。从治污减排的历史进程和生态文明制度建设的角度,“十三五”时期中国环境监管体制改革面临新的形势,进入重要的调整阶段。“十三五”，

本文编号：1445366