环境分权、市场分割与碳排放

发布时间：2018-01-20 14:18

本文关键词： 环境分权市场分割碳排放互补效应　出处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：中国有着庞大的环境管理队伍以及巨大的国内市场,科学的环境管理制度以及高度一体化的国内市场将深刻改变碳排放格局,然而,已有研究对于这些影响碳排放的体制性因素既缺乏足够的理论分析也缺乏实证检验。有鉴于此,本文首先分析了环境分权和市场分割影响碳排放的理论机理,并提出了三个理论假设,进一步地,本文以环境管理人员在不同层级政府的配置衡量环境分权度,以相对价格法衡量市场分割程度,基于1995-2012年的省际面板数据,从实证层面检验了环境分权和市场分割对碳排放的影响效应。结果显示:环境分权和市场分割都显著地加剧了碳排放,原因在于分权的环境管理体制安排扭曲了激励,无法对碳排放形成真实有效的约束,而市场分割则恶化了碳排放在区域间的配置效率。同时,环境分权与市场分割对碳排放的共同影响作用上存在互补效应,即环境分权程度越高,市场分割对碳排放的负面影响效应越大,反之,市场分割程度越高,环境分权对碳排放的负面影响效应也越大。这主要是由于环境分权与市场分割是地方政府一对互补的策略行为,在环境分权较高的地区,地方政府进行市场分割的能力越强,而在市场分割较高的地区,地方政府争取环境事务管理权的动力越强。因此,在既定的碳排放约束下,中央政府一方面需要适度集中环境事务管理权限,进一步优化环境事务管理机构设置以及人员队伍在不同层级政府间的配置,提高对碳排放的管控效率,另一方面需要打通省际壁垒,加快区域市场一体化建设,优化碳排放的区域配置,提高碳排放效率。
[Abstract]:China has a huge environmental management team and a huge domestic market. A scientific environmental management system and a highly integrated domestic market will profoundly change the pattern of carbon emissions, however. There is a lack of sufficient theoretical analysis and empirical test for these institutional factors that affect carbon emissions. In view of this, this paper first analyzes the theoretical mechanism of environmental decentralization and market segmentation affecting carbon emissions. And put forward three theoretical assumptions. Further, this paper measures the degree of environmental decentralization by the allocation of environmental managers in different levels of government, and measures the degree of market segmentation by the relative price method. Based on provincial panel data from 1995 to 2012. The effects of environmental decentralization and market segmentation on carbon emissions are tested from the empirical level. The results show that both environmental decentralization and market segmentation significantly increase carbon emissions. The reason is that decentralized environmental management institutional arrangements distort incentives to form a true and effective constraint on carbon emissions, while market segmentation worsens the efficiency of carbon emissions allocation across regions. Environmental decentralization and market segmentation have complementary effects on carbon emissions, that is, the higher the degree of environmental decentralization, the greater the negative impact of market segmentation on carbon emissions, whereas, the higher the market segmentation. The negative effects of environmental decentralization on carbon emissions are also greater, which is mainly due to the fact that environmental decentralization and market segmentation are two complementary strategic behaviors of local governments, and in areas with high environmental decentralization. The stronger the ability of local government to segment the market, and the stronger the power of local government to fight for the right of environmental affairs management in the area of higher market segmentation. Therefore, under the established carbon emission constraints. On the one hand, the central government needs to appropriately centralize the authority of environmental affairs management, further optimize the setting of environmental affairs management agencies and the allocation of personnel in different levels of government, improve the efficiency of carbon emissions control. On the other hand, it is necessary to break through interprovincial barriers, accelerate the construction of regional market integration, optimize the regional allocation of carbon emissions, and improve the efficiency of carbon emissions.
【作者单位】：重庆大学公共管理学院;重庆师范大学经济与管理学院;
【基金】：中国博士后科学基金面上项目“碳减排与经济增长的最优耦合测度及差别化减排方案设计”(批准号:2012M511898) 重庆市人民政府发展研究中心项目“联动治理农村面源污染推进美丽乡村建设的对策研究”(批准号:2014-ZB-11)
【分类号】：X321
【正文快照】： 碳排放作为环境污染的重要组成部分之一,产生的温室效应所诱发的全球气候变暖问题受到国内外学者的广泛关注。减少温室气体排放,实现低碳式经济发展已成为各国政府应对气候变化的重要举措[1]。中国向世界承诺在2020年单位GDP的CO2排放量将比2005年下降40%-45%,并作为约束性指

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