湘潭市地区大气氮氧化物污染研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 22:29

本文关键词： 氮氧化物污染 CALPUFF 控制　出处：《湘潭大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着当地机动车数量持续增长,能源消耗渐增,湘潭市氮氧化物污染日益严重,对市民的正常生活和身体健康影响越来越大。为了对氮氧化物进行科学的防治,不仅需要全面的了解湘潭市的空气质量特征和气象条件的影响,更要弄清氮氧化物的具体来源,确定各污染源对污染物浓度贡献的大小,这样才能采取针对性的氮氧化物减排措施控制其总量,使大气氮氧化物的浓度控制在安全的限值之内。本研究基于湘潭市环境空气质量特征和气象条件的影响,建立氮氧化物排放清单,采用CALPUFF大气扩散模型对该地区的氮氧化物进行数值模拟研究,得到如下结论:(1)湘潭市环境空气呈现复合污染,主要污染物为细颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物,其次是臭氧八小时、二氧化氮和二氧化硫,全年空气质量达标率为54%。NO2的污染特征表现为:在监测站、科大、岳塘和昭山四个监测点位,年均值均存在超标情况,最大值出现在岳塘,最小值出现在板塘;冬季浓度普遍偏高,夏季偏低;周均值基本呈多峰型变化,在星期二、星期四和星期六出现峰值;日均值在岳塘点超标最为严重,其次是昭山、板塘、江麓、科大和监测站;小时均值大体呈双峰型变化,在上午9:00和晚上22:00左右达到峰值,在午后15:00左右达到最低值。(2)NO2浓度随着风向不断变化,当吹东东北风时,NO2浓度最大,其次是东和东北风,偏南风时,NO2浓度普遍较小。另外NO2浓度随风力等级的升高而降低,随着大气稳定度增强呈上升趋势。(3)湘潭市2013年大气污染源氮氧化物总排放量为43144.26吨,其中重点调查工业污染源对氮氧化物的排放贡献比例最大,为84.70%,其次是主干道机动车污染源、小街道机动车污染源、非重点调查工业污染源,分别为10.42%、2.30%和1.86%,城镇生活污染源所占比例最少,为0.72%。(4)通过模拟值和实测值的对比分析,得到CALPUFF模型模拟效果较好。模拟结果显示NO2浓度超标区域主要集中在东北走向的区域,包括岳塘、监测站、昭山周围以及京珠高速沿线,其中京珠高速沿线为NO2浓度高值最为集中的区域,NO2低浓度主要分布在河西老城区以及模拟区域边缘地带。模拟区域NO2浓度的主要贡献源为主干道机动车污染源,且高值主要集中在模拟区域东部的京珠高速和沪昆高速沿线及交汇处。
[Abstract]:With the continuous growth of the number of local motor vehicles and the increase of energy consumption, the pollution of nitrogen oxides in Xiangtan City is becoming more and more serious, which has more and more influence on the normal life and health of citizens. In order to prevent and cure nitrogen oxides scientifically. It is necessary to understand not only the characteristics of air quality and the influence of meteorological conditions in Xiangtan city, but also the specific sources of nitrogen oxides, and determine the contribution of pollution sources to the concentration of pollutants. In order to control the total amount of nitrogen oxides, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in atmosphere can be controlled within the safe limit. This study is based on the characteristics of environmental air quality and the influence of meteorological conditions in Xiangtan city. The nitrogen oxides emission inventory was established and the CALPUFF atmospheric diffusion model was used to simulate the nitrogen oxides in this area. The conclusion is as follows: 1) the environmental air pollution in Xiangtan city is compound pollution. The main pollutants were fine particles and inhalable particles followed by ozone for eight hours nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The pollution characteristics of air quality reached the standard rate of 54. No 2 in the whole year were as follows: at the monitoring station. The annual mean values of the four monitoring sites of HKUST, Yuetang and Zhaoshan are all in excess of the standard, the maximum appears in the Yuetang, and the minimum appears in the Pantang. The concentration is higher in winter and lower in summer. The mean value of the week showed a multi-peak pattern, and the peak value appeared on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. The daily mean value is the most serious in Yuetang, followed by Zhaoshan, Bantang, the foothills of the river, HKUST and the monitoring station; The mean value of the hour showed a bimodal variation, reaching its peak at 9:00 and 22:00 in the morning, and the lowest at 15:00 in the afternoon. The concentration of no _ 2 was constantly changing with the wind direction. The concentration of no _ 2 was the highest in the northeast wind, followed by the east and northeast winds, and the concentration of no _ 2 was generally lower in the southerly wind. In addition, the concentration of NO2 decreased with the increase of the wind grade. In 2013, the total emission of nitrogen oxides from air pollution sources in Xiangtan was 43144.26 tons. Among them, the contribution of industrial pollution sources to NOx emission was the largest, 84.70, followed by main road motor vehicle pollution sources, small street motor vehicle pollution sources, and non-key industrial pollution sources. 2.30% and 1.86%, respectively, and the proportion of pollution sources in cities and towns was the least, which was 0.72% and 0.72%, respectively. The simulation results of CALPUFF model show that the concentration of NO2 is mainly in the northeast direction of the area, including Yuetang, monitoring station, around Zhaoshan and along the Beijing-Zhuhai high speed. The high concentration of NO2 is the most concentrated area along the Beijing-Zhuhai high speed. The low concentration of NO2 is mainly distributed in the old urban area of Hexi and the marginal area of the simulation area. The main contribution of NO2 concentration in the simulated area is the motor vehicle pollution source of the main road. The high values are mainly located along the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway and the Hu-Kun Expressway in the east of the simulated region.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X511

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