城镇化进程中农村环境问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 20:10

本文关键词： 农村环境问题现状对策　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来我国加快了城镇化的进程,然而城乡二元化社会结构下,城乡发展不均衡,农村地区发展滞后;个别地区发展中过分侧重经济GDP的发展,而忽视了绿色GDP的发展以及对生态环境的保护;相关环境立法的不够完善,环境监管和惩处力度不足。这些原因使得农村环境出现了一些亟需研究和解决的问题。第一部分从相关的概念和理论基础入手,对城镇化的概念和发展;农村的环境问题,包括农业面源污染等概念;可持续发展理论,环境库兹涅茨曲线等理论进行了概述。第二部分以上述概念和理论为基石,对我国农村总体的环境问题进行了概述,这些问题包括生活垃圾任意倾倒、生活污水、废气任意排放;化肥和农药的过度施用导致农业面源污染;农业固废污染日趋严重;工业污染影响农村饮水和食品不安全;农村生态系统恶化。通过对我国农村环境总体问题的研究,结合相关资料和实际调查对本文研究区域泰安市的农村环境现状进行了概述,包括了生活垃圾处理;农药、化肥污染控制;农业固废处理状况;工业污染对农村环境的影响;畜禽养殖业污染情况调查这五个方面。第三部分,通过对我国农村环境问题的调查,对目前农村环境问题的内因进行了分析,得出目前农村环境问题的成因为:农村环境问题法律体系不健全、政府监管和处罚力度不足;农村生产力和科技水平偏低;农村污染治理等基础设施不健全;农民环保意识淡薄。第四部分,针对第二部分提出的问题以及第三部分分析的原因,提出了相应的解决对策,包括:健全相关法律法规,加大执法力度;提高农业和农村工业的科技水平,发展农业循环经济;加快农村环境规划,统筹城乡建设;提高农民的环境保护意识。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China has accelerated the process of urbanization. However, under the dual social structure of urban and rural areas, the development of urban and rural areas is not balanced, and the development of rural areas lags behind. In the development of individual regions, the development of economic GDP is too much emphasized, but the development of green GDP and the protection of ecological environment are neglected. The related environmental legislation is not perfect, the environmental supervision and punishment is not enough. These reasons make the rural environment appear some problems that need to be studied and solved. The first part starts with the related concepts and theoretical basis. The concept and development of urbanization; Environmental problems in rural areas, including the concept of agricultural non-point source pollution; The theory of sustainable development, environmental Kuznets curve and other theories are summarized. The second part summarizes the overall environmental problems in rural areas of China based on the above concepts and theories. These issues include the indiscriminate dumping of domestic waste, domestic sewage, and the arbitrary discharge of exhaust gases; Excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides leads to agricultural non-point source pollution; The pollution of agricultural solid waste is becoming more and more serious; Industrial pollution affects rural drinking water and food insecurity; The deterioration of rural ecosystem. Through the study of the overall problems of rural environment in China, combined with the relevant data and actual investigation, this paper summarizes the current situation of rural environment in Taian city, including the disposal of domestic waste. Pesticide, chemical fertilizer pollution control; Agricultural solid waste treatment; The impact of industrial pollution on rural environment; The third part, through the investigation of the rural environmental problems in China, the internal causes of the current rural environmental problems are analyzed. The causes of rural environmental problems are as follows: the legal system of rural environmental problems is not perfect, the government supervision and punishment is insufficient; The rural productivity and the level of science and technology are on the low side; Rural pollution control and other infrastructure is not perfect; Part 4th, aiming at the problems raised in the second part and the reasons for the analysis in the third part, the author puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, including: perfecting the relevant laws and regulations and strengthening the law enforcement; Improving the scientific and technological level of agriculture and rural industry and developing agricultural circular economy; Speeding up rural environmental planning and coordinating urban and rural construction; Improve farmers' awareness of environmental protection.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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