渤海西部、南部滨海带主要河流水库环境污染现状分析研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 22:15

本文关键词： 渤海滨海带水质沉积物重金属综合水质标识指数　出处：《青岛理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：伴随着环渤海经济不断发展,整个渤海滨海地区环境压力增大,生态环境也在不断的恶化,为了掌握渤海陆域滨海带的水环境质量状况,分析其变化趋势,识别生态环境现存的潜在生态环境问题,为滨海带制定环境保护政策提供科学依据,本研究选取滨海带主要的入海河流和大型水库包括海河干流、马颊河无棣段、黄河滨州、东营段以及于桥水库和峡山水库,进行水环境和沉积物质量调查和分析。对三条河流的分析结果显示,海河、马颊河、黄河三条入海河流在监测期间的综合水环境质量基本达到当地的水环境功能要求,三条河流中黄河水质最好,马颊河水质最差,三条河流从上游到下游水环境质量都有变差的趋势。监测时间段内三条河流NH3-N浓度严重超标,尤其是海河和马颊河的入海监测段均严重超标为劣Ⅴ类水,海河和马颊河污染较重的指标还有CODMn和TP。沉积物质量状况显示,海河和马颊河的沉积物粒度都以粉砂为主,黄河沉积物粒径组成种类相对较杂;海河沉积物硫化物含量从上游到下游有上升趋势,马颊河和黄河均为下降趋势;海河的沉积物TOC含量较高对水生生物会产生低影响,马颊河和黄河基本无影响;三条河流的沉积物TP含量都较低基本不存在生态毒性效应,而TN含量相对要高,尤其是海河各监测断面含量基本都处在低级别的生态毒性效应内。监测期间海河沉积物监测的7种重金属都存在不同程度的污染,马颊河中只有Ni、As、Cd出现污染,黄河只有As和Cd一直存在污染。三条河流的沉积物重金属潜在生态风险都达到强级别,其中都是以Cd为主要风险贡献因子。两个水库的综合水质在监测期间出现超标情况,其中于桥水库综合水质在5月超标,峡山水库综合水质在8月超标;水库TN、TP浓度一直处于超标状态,污染较重,CODMn存在轻度超标;虽然两个水库都处于中营养状态,但有富营养化的趋势,水库底层水质差于表层水。水库沉积物粒度都以粉砂所占百分比最大;沉积物TOC含量整体高于安全限值,会对水生生物产生低影响;水库沉积物TP含量较低无生态毒性效应,TN含量较高能引起低级别生态毒性效应,于桥水库TN、TP含量均值要高于峡山。水库沉积物重金属潜在生态风险程度都很强,其中都以Cd为主要风险贡献因子,其它污染稍重的是As和Pb,呈偏中度污染。监测结果显示河流水库营养盐指标污染最重,这与监测河段和水库周围分布有大量村庄和农田,面源污染较多有很大关系,农村污水的排放不集中或未经处理直接就排入河道是污染的主要原因。而有机污染物指数相对较低,说明这些区域对工业污染的治理有一定成效。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the economy around the Bohai Sea, the environmental pressure in the coastal area of the whole Bohai Sea is increasing, and the ecological environment is also deteriorating. In order to understand the quality of the water environment in the coastal zone of the Bohai Sea, the trend of its change is analyzed. In order to identify the existing potential ecological environment problems and provide scientific basis for the coastal zone to formulate environmental protection policies, this study selected the main coastal zone rivers and large reservoirs, including the main Haihe River main stream. The water environment and sediment quality of Wudi section, Binzhou section and Dongying section of the Yellow River, Yuqiao Reservoir and Xiashan Reservoir were investigated and analyzed. The comprehensive water environment quality of the three rivers entering the sea of the Yellow River basically meets the local water environment function requirements during the monitoring period. Among the three rivers, the Yellow River has the best water quality, and the Majiu River has the worst water quality. The water environmental quality of three rivers has a trend of deterioration from upstream to downstream. The NH3-N concentration of three rivers exceeds the standard seriously in the monitoring period. Especially in the Haihe River and the Majiu River, the serious exceeding of the standard V is the main indicator of serious pollution in Haihe River and the Majiu River. The sediment quality of Haihe River and Majiu River is also indicated by CODMn and TP.Sedimentary quality status of Haihe River and Majiu River is very serious. The sediment granularity of Haihe River and Majiu River is mainly silt, and the composition of sediment particle size of Yellow River is relatively miscellaneous. The sulphide content in the sediments of Haihe River increased from upstream to downstream, and decreased in both the Majiu River and the Yellow River. The high TOC content in the sediments of Haihe River has a low effect on aquatic organisms, but there is no effect on the Majiu River and Yellow River. The TP content in the sediments of the three rivers was relatively low and there was no ecological toxicity effect, but the TN content was relatively high. In particular, the contents of each monitoring section of Haihe River are basically in the low ecotoxicity effect. During the monitoring period, 7 kinds of heavy metals in the sediment of Haihe River were polluted to varying degrees, and only NiOAs was found in the Majiu River. CD was polluted, only as and CD were polluted in Yellow River. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in sediments of three rivers reached a strong level. The combined water quality of the two reservoirs exceeded the standard during the monitoring period, in which the comprehensive water quality of Yuqiao reservoir exceeded the standard on May and the comprehensive water quality of Xiashan reservoir exceeded the standard on August. The concentration of TNT TP in the reservoir has been in the state of exceeding the standard, and the pollution of CODMn has been slightly exceeded. Although the two reservoirs are in the status of medium nutrition, there is a trend of eutrophication. The bottom water quality of the reservoir is worse than that of the surface water. The TOC content of sediment is higher than the safe limit, which will have a low effect on aquatic organisms. The lower TP content of reservoir sediment and the higher TN content can cause the low ecotoxicity effect, and the TN content in Yuqiao reservoir is not ecotoxic. The content of TP is higher than that of Xiashan. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in reservoir sediment is very strong, among which CD is the main risk contributor, and the other pollution is as and Pb. The monitoring results showed that the pollution of nutrient index of river reservoir was the most serious, which was related to the monitoring of a large number of villages and farmland around the river reach and reservoir, and the high level of non-point source pollution. The main reason of pollution is that the discharge of rural sewage is not concentrated or discharged directly without treatment, and the organic pollutant index is relatively low, which indicates that the treatment of industrial pollution in these areas has certain effect.
【学位授予单位】：青岛理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

【参考文献】