烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒对蚯蚓的氧化胁迫及基因毒性

发布时间：2018-01-25 07:45

  本文关键词： 新烟碱类 赤子爱胜蚓 氧化胁迫 DNA损伤　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新烟碱类杀虫剂(Neonicotinoid insecticides)的出现为人类防治刺吸式害虫提供了一个有力的武器。目前,新烟碱类杀虫剂正在被世界各地广泛使用,已经投入市场和待商品化的新烟碱类杀虫剂已有十几种。烯啶虫胺(Nitenpyram)和啶虫脒(Acetamiprid)是继第一代新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉(Imidacloprid)之后,在世界范围内被广泛应用的新烟碱类杀虫剂品种。目前,这两种新烟碱类杀虫剂已大量投产使用,通过地表径流、土壤吸附残留等途径最终进入水生、陆生生态系统,对环境中的非靶标生物造成负面影响。因此,研究烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒对生态环境中非靶标生物的毒性对于探索它们的生态环境安全性具有重要意义。本文旨在通过人工土壤染毒法探索烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒对土壤中非靶标生物的影响。实验选取土壤中的模式生物--赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)为研究对象,按照经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD)(2004)的规定配制人工土壤对蚯蚓进行染毒。其中,烯啶虫胺土壤染毒浓度为0mg?kg-1、0.5mg?kg-1、1mg?kg-1、2.5mg?kg-1;啶虫脒的土壤染毒浓度为0mg?kg-1、0.05mg?kg-1、0.1mg?kg-1、0.25mg?kg-1、0.5mg?kg-1,并分别于染毒后的7d、14d、21d和28d取各浓度处理组的蚯蚓进行研究,以探索烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒对蚯蚓的慢性毒性。通过研究这两种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蚯蚓活性氧簇(Reactive Oxygen Species,ROS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(Glutathione S-transferases,GST)活性和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的影响,以及对蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA的损伤程度,明确这两种杀虫剂对蚯蚓的氧化胁迫毒性和基因毒性,为认识并评估烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒对陆生生态系统可能造成的影响提供实验依据。本实验研究结果如下:(1)在烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的影响下,蚯蚓体内ROS含量发生了明显变化。其中,烯啶虫胺高浓度(2.5mg?kg-1)处理组ROS含量经历了先升高后降低的变化过程,低浓度(0.5mg?kg-1和1mg?kg-1)处理组无明显变化;啶虫脒各浓度处理组ROS含量都有一定程度的升高。(2)烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒均能够引起蚯蚓产生氧化胁迫。就SOD酶活性来看,在烯啶虫胺的诱导下,1mg?kg-1和2.5mg?kg-1处理组SOD活性显著增强,而0.5mg?kg-1处理组无明显变化;在啶虫脒的刺激下,各浓度处理组SOD活性无显著变化。CAT活性在两种新烟碱类杀虫剂的刺激下都经历了先激活后抑制最后恢复到对照水平的过程。(3)经烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒处理后,各实验浓度处理组均可对蚯蚓解毒酶GST活性产生影响。在烯啶虫胺影响下GST活性在7d时明显受到抑制,中期(14d~21d)无明显变化,后期(28d)时受到抑制;在啶虫脒影响下GST活性7d时受到激活,之后受到抑制。(4)在烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒的作用下,蚯蚓体内MDA含量均有先升高后降低的趋势。在烯啶虫胺影响下,MDA含量经历升高-恢复正常水平-升高-恢复正常水平的过程,而在啶虫脒影响下,蚯蚓体内MDA含量先升高后恢复到对照水平。(5)在两种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蚯蚓的染毒下,蚯蚓体腔细胞DNA受到了明显的损伤。蚯蚓DNA Olive尾距和彗星尾部DNA含量均呈现出明显的剂量效应关系,并随着时间的延长,DNA损伤呈现先升高后降低的过程。从以上结果可知,两种新烟碱类杀虫剂烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒均在一定程度上对蚯蚓产生了氧化胁迫和DNA损伤,并引起了蚯蚓体内酶活性的变化,证明烯啶虫胺和啶虫脒能对陆生生态系统能够产生一定的毒性效应。
[Abstract]:Neonicotinoid insecticides (Neonicotinoid insecticides) has provided a powerful weapon for the prevention and control of human sucking pests. Currently, neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used all over the world, has been put into the market and the commercialization of neonicotinoid insecticides has ten kinds. Nitenpyram (Nitenpyram) and acetamiprid (Acetamiprid) is the first generation of new neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (Imidacloprid), neonicotinoid insecticide varieties has been widely used in the world. At present, these two kinds of neonicotinoid insecticides have been put into use, through surface runoff, soil residual adsorption way into aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in a negative impact on the environment of non target organisms. Therefore, non target organisms of nitenpyram and acetamiprid on ecological toxicity in the environment for exploring the environmental safety of students with their state Is of great significance. This paper aims to explore the effect of artificial soil test method of nitenpyram and acetamiprid on non target organisms in the soil. The soil in the experiment selected the model organism of Eisenia foetida (Eisenia foetida) as the research object, according to the organization for economic cooperation and development (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) (2004) the provisions of the artificial soil to earthworms were exposed. Among them, nitenpyram soil exposure concentration is 0mg? Kg-1,0.5mg? Kg-1,1mg? Kg-1,2.5mg? Kg-1; soil concentrations of acetamiprid was 0mg? Kg-1,0.05mg? Kg-1,0.1mg? Kg-1,0.25mg? Kg-1,0.5mg? Kg-1, respectively after exposure to 7d, 14d. 21d and 28d take the concentration of earthworm was studied, in order to explore the chronic toxicity of nitenpyram and acetamiprid on earthworms. Through the research of the two neonicotinoid pesticides on earthworm reactive oxygen species (Reactive Oxygen, Spe Cies, ROS) content, superoxide dismutase (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD) activity, catalase (Catalase, CAT) activity, glutathione S-transferase (Glutathione S-transferases, GST) activity and malondialdehyde (Malondialdehyde, MDA) on the content of DNA and the degree of injury of earthworm coelomocytes, clear the two oxidation pesticides on earthworm stress toxicity and genetic toxicity, for understanding and evaluation of nitenpyram and acetamiprid to provide experimental evidence for the effect of terrestrial ecosystem may cause. The experimental results are as follows: (1) the effect of nitenpyram and acetamiprid, changed the content of ROS earthworms. Among them, nitenpyram high concentration (2.5mg? Kg-1) treatment group ROS content changed the first increased and then decreased, low concentration (0.5mg? Kg-1 and 1mg? Kg-1) treatment group had no obvious change; the concentration of acetamiprid treatment group ROS content 鏈変竴瀹氱▼搴︾殑鍗囬珮.(2)鐑�鍟惰櫕鑳哄拰鍟惰櫕鑴掑潎鑳藉�熷紩璧疯毌铓撲骇鐢熸哀鍖栬儊杩，

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