豆制品废水中功能性成分的分离与纯化

发布时间：2018-01-25 12:48

  本文关键词： 豆制品废水 大豆乳清蛋白 大豆异黄酮 大豆低聚糖　出处：《河南工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为实现豆制品废水的综合利用,提高大豆资源的利用率、延长传统豆制品生产的产业链并减少高浓度有机废水的排放,本文对卤水豆腐压滤所产生的大豆黄浆水中的三种功能性成分(大豆乳清蛋白、大豆异黄酮和大豆低聚糖)进行了分离和纯化,并对分离纯化工艺进行了研究。以蛋白质回收率、总糖透过率、异黄酮透过率和超滤膜通量为评价指标,采用絮凝-超滤联用的技术初步分离废水中的蛋白质、低聚糖和异黄酮处理废水。最佳试验条件为:通过0.3mg/mL壳聚糖对废水进行絮凝试验,并采用10kDa的聚醚砜膜进行超滤处理,蛋白质回收率达到76.1%,总糖透过率达到76.0%,异黄酮够过率达到77.2%,平均膜通量18.9L/m2·h-20L/m2·h。絮凝-超滤后蛋白质含量为50.7%,通过碱溶酸沉法纯化蛋白质粗品,以碱溶pH、料液比、提取时间、提取温度和酸沉pH为指标优化蛋白质纯化工艺。试验得到最佳纯化工艺为:碱溶pH 9.0,料液比1:20,提取温度40℃,提取时间1.5h,酸沉pH为3.7,10000r/min离心蛋白质沉淀率达到89.8%。蛋白质得率为75.5%,纯化后蛋白质纯度达到90.5%,灰分3.76%。使用乙酸乙酯萃取法和大孔树脂吸附法提取豆制品废水中的大豆异黄酮,综合考虑提取率、解吸率、操作周期和处理量等因素。得到最佳提取工艺为:使用AB-8树脂进行动态吸附,在ф16×150mm层析柱中填装树脂高度100mm,以1.2mL/min的流速上样180mL,提取率为69.7%;洗脱流速0.6mL/min,依次经10%乙醇洗脱1BV,40%乙醇洗脱1BV,80%乙醇洗脱2BV,收集40%乙醇和80%乙醇洗脱液,得到大豆异黄酮洗脱率为85.5%,大豆异黄酮总回收率为59.6%。大豆异黄酮粗提物纯度为22.4%。以丙酮提取和乙醇重结晶的方法纯化大豆异黄酮粗提物,得到纯化大豆异黄酮最佳工艺:取5g大豆异黄酮粗提物,每次加入200mL丙酮于丙酮沸点(55℃)提取1h,提取4次后大豆异黄酮提取率达到92.6%;使用无水乙醇对大豆异黄酮进行重结晶,所得结晶中大豆异黄酮纯度达到89.2%,回收率为26.1%。以大孔树脂和活性炭为脱色剂,以总糖回收率和脱色率为指标,优化经超滤除蛋白后废水的脱色工艺。所得脱色最佳工艺为:使用AB-8树脂进行脱色,柱形选用直径16mm玻璃柱,填装高度100mm,树脂床体积20.1mL,上样速度1.2mL/min,上样180mL(8.96BV),脱色率达到83.8%,总糖保留率达到79.0%。对比阴阳离子交换树脂串联法脱盐和混合床脱盐工艺,以脱盐率和总糖保留率为指标,得到最佳脱盐工艺为:使用混合床法对脱色后废水进行脱盐处理,选择直径20mm的玻璃柱,填装高度为100mm,混合床体积31.4mL阴阳离子交换树脂比例为2:1,以3mL/min的流速将废水上样120mL(3.82BV)的条件下,脱盐率达到96.3%,总糖保留率61.1%。
[Abstract]:In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of soybean products wastewater, improve the utilization rate of soybean resources, prolong the industrial chain of traditional soybean products production and reduce the discharge of high concentration organic wastewater. In this paper, three functional components (soybean whey protein, soybean isoflavone and soybean oligosaccharide) from soybean yellow slurry produced by Marinated Tofu pressure filtration were isolated and purified. The protein recovery, total sugar transmittance, isoflavone transmissivity and ultrafiltration membrane flux were taken as the evaluation indexes, and the flocculation-ultrafiltration technique was used to preliminarily separate the protein from wastewater. The optimum conditions were as follows: flocculation of wastewater was carried out by 0.3 mg / mL chitosan and ultrafiltration was carried out with 10 kDa polyethersulfone membrane. The recovery of protein reached 76. 1%, total sugar transmittance reached 76. 0 and isoflavone content reached 77.2%. The average membrane flux was 18.9 L / m 2 路h-20 L 路m 2 路h. The protein content after flocculation-ultrafiltration was 50.7. The crude protein was purified by alkaline acid precipitation. The extraction time, extraction temperature and acid precipitation pH were used to optimize the purification process of protein. The optimum purification process was obtained as follows: alkali solution pH 9.0, ratio of material to liquid 1: 20, extraction temperature 40 鈩，

本文编号：1462881