2015年北京“阅兵蓝”特征及成因探讨

发布时间：2018-01-27 08:02

本文关键词： 空气污染气象条件数值模拟减排措施　出处：《中国环境科学》2016年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：利用大气成分和气象要素观测数据,对2015年8~9月北京田径世锦赛和抗战胜利70周年纪念活动期间的北京PM_(2.5)浓度变化特征及其相关的大气污染气象条件进行了研究,并采用大气化学数值模式模拟了气象条件、减排措施和区域减排联合行动对北京PM_(2.5)浓度下降的作用和贡献.结果表明:纪念活动期间北京地区空气质量显著改善,PM_(2.5)平均浓度仅为18.7μg/m~3,比前期8月1~19日下降70%,比2014年同期降低74.0%;东北冷涡长时间稳定少动为空气质量改善提供了良好的大气环流条件,北京地区混合层高度相比前期升高20%,相对湿度降低17%,风速增大7%,气象要素变化为庆祝活动期间PM_(2.5)浓度下降提供了良好的气象条件,尤其是地面主导风向转为偏北风后,阻止了北京城南及华北中南部地区的污染物输入北京城区;CAMx模式的模拟结果表明,与2014年同期相比,气象条件变化在北京PM_(2.5)浓度降幅中的贡献率达73%;纪念活动期间有无减排的模拟分析显示,在相同的气象条件下,减排措施使北京PM_(2.5)浓度下降约33%;期间北京PM_(2.5)来源以本地排放为主,本地的减排措施对改善空气质量的贡献率约为72%,周边地区减排的贡献率约为28%.
[Abstract]:Using atmospheric composition and meteorological elements to observe data. In this paper, the variation characteristics of Beijing PMSP 2.5) concentration and the related meteorological conditions of atmospheric pollution during the Beijing World Athletics Championships from 2015 to September and the 70th Anniversary of the Victory of Anti-Japanese War were studied. The atmospheric chemical numerical model is used to simulate the meteorological conditions. The effect and contribution of emission reduction measures and joint regional action on emission reduction to the decrease of PMV 2.5) concentration in Beijing. The results show that the air quality in Beijing area has improved significantly during the commemorative activities. The average concentration of PM2. 5) was only 18.7 渭 g / m ~ (3), which was 70 times lower than that from August to 19th and 74.0% lower than that of 2014. The cold vortex in Northeast China for a long time provides a good atmosphere circulation condition for the improvement of air quality. The height of the mixed layer in Beijing area is increased by 20%, the relative humidity is decreased by 17%, and the wind speed is increased by 7% compared with the previous period. The change of meteorological elements provides a good meteorological condition for the decrease of PMSP 2.5) concentration during the celebration, especially after the ground dominant wind turns to northerly wind. Preventing pollutants from the south of Beijing and the central and southern parts of North China from entering Beijing's urban areas; The simulation results of CAMx model show that, compared with 2014, the contribution rate of meteorological condition change in the decrease of Beijing PMCI 2.5) concentration is 73%. The simulation analysis of emission reduction during the commemoration shows that under the same weather conditions, the emission reduction measures will reduce the concentration of PM _ (2. 5) in Beijing by about 33. During this period, local emissions were the main source in Beijing. The contribution rate of local emission reduction measures to improving air quality was about 722, and that of surrounding areas was about 28 percent.
【作者单位】：江苏省气象台;国家气象中心;
【基金】：国家科技支撑项目(2015BAC03B07) 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0201903)
【分类号】：X51
【正文快照】： 近年来,为保障重大社会活动期间的空气质量,政府多次采取应急减排措施,如2008年北京奥运会、2010年广州亚运会和2014年北京APEC会议等.有学者研究这些活动期间的空气质量变化特征发现,应急减排等措施对于改善空气质量有明显效果[1-3]. 除污染物排放之外,气象条件则对大气中

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