1961~2013年长江三角洲地区霾日季节特征及变化分析

发布时间：2018-01-29 03:33

本文关键词： 霾季节变化气候趋势长江三角洲　出处：《长江流域资源与环境》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：选取长江三角洲146个观测站1961~2013年的地面观测资料,分析了霾日季节性的年际、年代际长期变化及空间分布规律。结果表明,长江三角洲霾多发时段随年际增长逐渐由冬季蔓延至春季,秋季和夏季。长三角平均霾日的季节变率从60~70年代的72.5%~78.5%,80年代跌至61.2%,到90年代跌至55.3%,而在本世纪的13 a低达52.3%,体现了长三角霾日变化季节性的年代际特征,即近53 a季节差异在不断减小,霾趋于常年化发生。霾日季节性的空间分布及年际变化特征还表明:近53 a长三角霾日呈持续上升趋势,1980年以前的2个年代增长缓慢,并维持低霾日水平,尽管1980年以后仍然增长缓慢,但维持多霾日的较高水平。霾日高发区域主要集中在南京-镇江一带、上海西南部地区、湖州-杭州-绍兴-金华一带、宁波西北部地区,高值中心依次为金华西北部兰溪市的70.2 d,江苏南京市的40.0 d,上海金山的38.0 d以及宁波余姚市的35.5 d。长三角中部的霾日年增长率整体低于南部和北部地区,江苏中部及南部、浙江南部及东部沿海、安徽东南部地区是霾日年际增长高值区。长三角霾日年际变化趋势以夏季增长率最高,其次是秋季、春季,冬季霾日年际变化趋势普遍增长率最低,近53 a来长江三角洲大部分地区出现了霾日季节性差异变小的季节性变异特征。
[Abstract]:The surface observation data of 146 observational stations in the Yangtze River Delta from 1961 to 2013 were selected to analyze the seasonal interannual, interdecadal and spatial distribution of haze days. With the interannual growth of the Yangtze River Delta haze increased gradually from winter to spring autumn and summer. The seasonal variation rate of the average haze days in the Yangtze River Delta increased from 72.5% to 78.5% in the 1960s and 1970s. It fell to 61.2 in 80s, 55.3 in 90s, and 52.3 in 13 years of this century, reflecting the seasonal interdecadal characteristics of the daily variation of haze in the Yangtze River Delta. That is to say, the seasonal difference of the last 53 years is decreasing, and the haze tends to be perennial. The spatial distribution and interannual variation of haze days also indicate that the daily haze of the Yangtze River Delta in the recent 53 years shows a continuous upward trend. Growth was slow in the two decades leading up to 1980 and maintained low daily haze levels, although growth remained slow after 1980. But maintain the high level of haze day. The high haze incidence area is mainly concentrated in Nanjing-Zhenjiang area, southwest area of Shanghai, Huzhou-Hangzhou -Shaoxing-Jinhua area, northwest area of Ningbo. The center of high value was 70.2 days of Lanxi city in northwestern Jinhua and 40.0 days of Nanjing city in Jiangsu province. 38.0 d of Jinshan in Shanghai and 35.5 d of Yuyao in Ningbo. The annual haze growth rate in the middle of Yangtze River Delta is lower than that in southern and northern regions, central and southern Jiangsu, southern and eastern coastal areas of Zhejiang. The annual growth rate of haze in the Yangtze River Delta is the highest in summer, followed by autumn, spring and winter. In recent 53 years, the seasonal variation of haze diurnal variation has been observed in most areas of the Yangtze River Delta.
【作者单位】：上海应用技术学院生态技术与工程学院;上海市气候中心;长三角环境气象预报预警中心;
【基金】：中国气象局气候变化专项项目(CCSF201503);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2014-022) 国家自然科学基金项目(41571044和41001283) 上海市科研计划项目(14DZ1202904)~~
【分类号】：X513
【正文快照】： 霾也称灰霾[1],在中国气象局《霾的观测和预报等级》[2](2010)规范中,霾的天气定义是:“大量极细微的干尘粒等均匀地浮游在空中,使水平能见度小于10.0 km的空气普遍混浊现象。霾使远处光亮物体微带黄、红色,使黑暗物体微带蓝色。”霾天气将直接导致城市空气质量下降,霾天气中

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