公共健康保障视角下地方政府环境治理责任研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 09:20

本文关键词： 公共健康环境治理地方政府环境责任　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生命健康权是人类享有的一项基本权利,环境质量问题是关系人类健康的重要问题,保护人类赖以生存的环境和资源,是保障人类生命健康的必要前提,也是实现可持续发展的必然要求。地方政府作为地方事务的管理者和服务者,对辖区内的环境保护事务承担着重要责任,其环境保护相关职责的落实情况直接关系到当地环境质量,其在地方环境保护和治理中发挥着主导作用。然而现实调查发现,由于受地方政府工作人员的职业道德素质高低、当前我国财政税收政策、环境保护相关法律法规以及我国监督问责体系等因素的影响,地方政府在履行环保职能过程中存在许多不足。因此,加强地方政府环境保护职责的落实,保护环境从而保障公共健康,是目前我国地方政府应该深入思考的重大问题。本文以健康保障为目标,分析地方政府的环境治理失责的表现和原因,并提出完善地方政府环境治理责任的对策。首先,分析了解公共健康与环境关系、公共健康与地方政府环境治理关系以及地方政府的环境责任。其次,通过深入研究我国“癌症村”频发现象,来反映我国公共健康恶化的严峻性,并探讨导致公共健康恶化背后的环境污染原因。再次,从导致环境污染严重的地方政府行为入手,研究分析地方政府在环境治理方面存在的问题,结合公共选择理论和公共物品理论等分析地方政府在环保方面失职的原因。最后,在分析地方政府环保失职的问题及原因基础上,对应提出加强地方政府环保履职的对策建议。为了改善人类赖以生存的环境,保障公众的健康与安全,地方政府必须切实有效的履行环境治理职责,以实现环境保护与维护公众健康。为此,必须从以下几个方面加以改进：强化政府工作人员环保意识和环保能力；改革财政分权体制,建立公共财政体系；完善地方政府政绩考核体系；完善环境立法；构建环境责任问责机制,加强政府环境责任监督。
[Abstract]:The right to life and health is a basic right enjoyed by human beings. Environmental quality is an important issue related to human health. Protecting the environment and resources on which human beings depend for survival is the necessary prerequisite for safeguarding human life and health. Local governments, as managers and service providers of local affairs, bear important responsibilities for environmental protection affairs within the jurisdiction. Its environmental protection related to the implementation of responsibilities directly related to local environmental quality, it plays a leading role in local environmental protection and governance. Due to the professional ethics of local government staff, the current fiscal and tax policies, environmental protection laws and regulations, and China's supervision and accountability system and other factors. Local governments have many deficiencies in the process of performing environmental protection functions. Therefore, strengthen the implementation of environmental protection responsibilities of local governments, protect the environment and thus protect public health. It is an important problem that our local government should think deeply at present. This article aims at health protection, and analyzes the performance and reason of the local government's environmental malfunction. And put forward the measures to improve the responsibility of local government environmental governance. First, analyze and understand the relationship between public health and environment, public health and local government environmental governance and local government environmental responsibility. Secondly. Through the in-depth study of "cancer village" frequent phenomenon, to reflect the seriousness of the deterioration of public health in China, and explore the causes of environmental pollution behind the deterioration of public health. Starting with the behaviors of local governments which lead to serious environmental pollution, this paper studies and analyzes the problems existing in environmental governance of local governments. Combined with the public choice theory and public goods theory to analyze the local government in environmental protection failure of the reasons. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the local government environmental problems and reasons. In order to improve the environment on which human beings depend and protect the health and safety of the public, the local government must effectively perform the responsibility of environmental governance. In order to realize environmental protection and maintain public health, we must improve from the following aspects: strengthen the environmental awareness and ability of government staff; Reform the fiscal decentralization system and establish the public finance system; Perfecting the performance assessment system of local government; Perfecting environmental legislation; Build accountability mechanism for environmental responsibility and strengthen supervision of government environmental responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D625;X321

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